AP European History Androstic 2012-2013 European New Imperialism (1870 – 1914): Causes, the Middle East, & Africa AP European History Androstic 2012-2013

1. Define imperialism Study Guide – Section 77, #1, Palmer pg. 630

2. How did the “new imperialism” differ from the colonialism of earlier times? How was European rule generally imposed? Study Guide – Section 77, #2, Palmer pg. 631

3. Discuss the motives that lay behind European expansion in the late 19th century. Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

Four Causes of Imperialism Industrial Revolution - Need for markets & resources Christianity - missionaries Nationalism - “a place in the sun” “White Man’s Burden” Different than Old Imperialism? Old – Mostly maritime empires New – Land empires Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

Industrialization (1750-1900) Increased population in Europe Great technological advances - military, transportation, and communications Continued economic expansion requires more resources and markets Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

Humanitarianism Christian missionaries saw Africa and Asia as fertile ground for converts Cultural superiority - Europeans must “save” the rest of the world Must stop the Arab slave trade in Africa (still in practice in North/East Africa) Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

Nationalism (1800-1914) French Revolution and Napoleon spread nationalism throughout Europe Pride in one’s country was based upon industrial production, military strength, and size of empire Study Guide – Section 77, #3, Palmer pg. 633-634

What was the bigger motivation for imperialist expansion: economic motivation or nationalism? Read “The Age of Empire” (Eric J. Hobsbawn) and “Imperialism as a Nationalistic Phenomenon” (Carlton J. H. Hayes), and form your own opinion, which we will discuss in class.

Bigger Motivation: Economic or Nationalism? Economic Motivation Nationalism

4. How would you evaluate the attitude expressed by Rudyard Kipling? Study Guide – Section 77, #4, Palmer pg. 638

Ottoman Empire - “Sick Man of Europe” Middle East Ottoman Empire - “Sick Man of Europe”

1. How did the Ottoman Empire differ from the European states in its political organization and nature? Study Guide – Section 79, #1, Palmer pg. 643-644

2. Why was Turkey called the “sick man of Europe”? Study Guide – Section 79, #2, Palmer pg. 644

3. Why were the British concerned about the Russo-Turkish War of 1877? Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647

Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647

Berlin Conference of 1878 Bismarck organized & ran the conference Took territory from the Ottoman Empire to placate Russia & avoid a general war Austria-Hungary gets Bosnia Russia gets Crimea Bulgaria & Romania Free Study Guide – Section 79, #3, Palmer pg. 646-647

4. What problems persisted in the Ottoman Empire after 1878? Study Guide – Section 79, #4, Palmer pg. 647-648

5. How did Egypt become a British protectorate? Study Guide – Section 79, #5, Palmer pg. 648-650

The “Scramble for Africa”

1. Explain the process by which Africa was partitioned after 1870. Study Guide – Section 80, #1, Palmer pg. 651-654

Berlin Conference of 1884-85 Set up rules on how to colonize the continent Abolished the slave trade Congo Free State the personal property of King Leopold of Belgium Study Guide – Section 80, #1, Palmer pg. 651-654

2. Which areas were respectively occupied and controlled by Germany, France, and Britain respectively? Other European powers? Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658

Scramble for Africa Between 1875 and 1900 European control of Africa went from 10% to 90% Only two nations, Liberia (home to many freed American slaves) and Ethiopia remained independent Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658

Africa was almost completely colonized by the start of World War I. Study Guide – Section 80, #2, Palmer pg. 654-658

3. How did the partition of Africa affect relations among the European powers? Study Guide – Section 80, #3, Palmer pg. 654-659

Friction Between the Colonial Powers Where the claims of the European powers collided, conflict arose Fashoda Crisis Boer Wars Germany supported the Boers against the British Britain wins, and anger with Germany remains Study Guide – Section 80, #3, Palmer pg. 654-659

Summary Europeans conquered much of the remaining world White Man’s Burden Industrial Revolution Ottoman Empire weakens New states emerge - Serbia & Romania Tensions rise in the Balkans Peninsula over territory Scramble for Africa Rest of Africa is conquered King Leopold’s Ghost