Open educational resources Keeping Higher Education Affordable Increasing Student engagement Open educational resources Presented by: Robin Robinson and Millie Gonzalez

Chronicle of Higher Education, January 29th Why OER 2013 study by the Government Accountability Office, textbook prices have increased by 82 percent in a 10-year period College Board estimates, average student attending a four-year public college will spend $1,200 on books and supplies Chronicle of Higher Education, January 29th Open Textbooks Could Help Students Financially and Academically (Chronicle of Higher Ed) The College Board estimates that the average student attending a four-year public college will spend $1,200 on books and supplies this year. According to a 2013 study by the Government Accountability Office, textbook prices have increased by 82 percent in a 10-year period, far more than consumer prices. Read more. View original

Why OER 94% (who didn’t buy text book) concerned about grades 65% not buying required text book 94% (who didn’t buy text book) concerned about grades 48% text book cost influenced course selection From the report, For the report, “Fixing the Broken Textbook Market,” 2,000 students at 156 college campuses in 33 states were surveyed Sixty-five percent of the students said they were not buying all of their required textbooks because of the books’ cost, and 94 percent of those who didn’t buy the books reported being concerned about how that would affect their grades. About 48 percent said that the cost of textbooks had influenced their decisions about which and how many classes to take.

The research group estimates that each student could save about $100 per class by using open textbooks. Those are textbooks with open copyright licenses that are available free online, although students who want printed versions would pay modest fees. http://mitopencourseware.wordpress.com/2014/01/28/open- textbooks-could-help-students-financially-and-academically- chronicle-of-higher-ed/ U.S. PIRG (Public Interest Research Group)

Agenda What is OER? How does it apply to FSU? How does it benefit students? Context Challenges and Opportunities Creative Commons Impact to Faculty and Students Application Next steps Discussion Resources Thank you

What is OER? Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning or research materials that are in the public domain or released with an intellectual property license that allows for free use, adaptation, and distribution. Educational material offered freely and open to anyone under license agreements Source material created under an open license can be reused, improved, redistributed or re-mixed Source: UNESCO http://en.unesco.org/ -(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)

What is Open Access VS OER? Open access refers to free, immediate, online availability of research articles with rights to these articles. OER encompasses a broader set of digital content which works well in an online or blended learning course, does not exclude classroom teaching OER is attached to an open license that defines how it may be reused, redistributed, revised or remixed to meet the needs of the learning environment. Open access refers to free, immediate, online availability of research articles with rights to these articles. OER encompasses a broader set of digital content which works well in an online or blended learning course, does not exclude classroom teaching OER is attached to an open license that defines how it may be reused, redistributed, revised or remixed to meet the needs of the learning environment. Variation of the material is often returned to the collective OERs range from textbooks to curricula, syllabi, lecture notes, educational games, simulations, tutorials with practice exercises, assignments, tests, projects, audio, video and animation. MOOCs and other types of Open Courseware fall into the OER category

What is Open Access VS OER? Open Access Examples OER Examples Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions OA archives or repositories do not perform peer review, but simply make their contents freely available to the world.  OA journals perform peer review and then make the approved contents freely available to the world.  Variation of the material is often returned to the collective OERs range from textbooks to curricula, syllabi, lecture notes, educational games, simulations, tutorials with practice exercises, assignments, tests, projects, audio, video and animation. MOOCs and other types of Open Courseware fall into the OER category Open access refers to free, immediate, online availability of research articles with rights to these articles. OER encompasses a broader set of digital content which works well in an online or blended learning course, does not exclude classroom teaching OER is attached to an open license that defines how it may be reused, redistributed, revised or remixed to meet the needs of the learning environment. Variation of the material is often returned to the collective OERs range from textbooks to curricula, syllabi, lecture notes, educational games, simulations, tutorials with practice exercises, assignments, tests, projects, audio, video and animation. MOOCs and other types of Open Courseware fall into the OER category

Creative Commons The Creative Commons copyright licenses and tools forge a balance inside the traditional “all rights reserved” setting that copyright law creates. Our tools give everyone from individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work. The combination of CC tools and our users is a vast and growing digital commons, a pool of content that can be copied, distributed, edited, remixed, and built upon, all within the boundaries of copyright law. Source: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/

Open licensing options the most basic level of openness. People are allowed to freely use all of part of the altered, verbatim work Reuse people can share copies of the work with others Redistribute people can adapt, modify, translate, or change the form of the work with others Revise people can take two or more existing resources and combine them to create a new resource Remix the creator of an OER defines how “open” the resource is for the consumer of the OER Author’s Choice Reuse: the most basic level of openness. People are allowed to freely use all of part of the altered, verbatim work Redistribute: people can share copies of the work with others Revise: people can adapt, modify, translate, or change the form of the work with others Remix: people can take two or more existing resources and combine them to create a new resource With a Creative Commons license, the creator of an OER defines how “open” the resource is for the consumer of the OER

Who is leading OER? “Teaching learning and research are improved when educational resources are open and more accessible.” Open Courseware project from MIT 2002 – present All courseware available online for roughly 2000 courses Material may be used to supplement courses under license agreement (most for no cost) Connexions at Rice University Open Learning Initiative at Carnegie Mellon UK universities are joining Futurelearn UK's first provider of free, open online courses (with the British Library) Source: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7061.pdf

MERLOT OER COMMONS ARIADNE Connexions edX OER EXAMPLES MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching): covers arts, business, education, humanities, math, science, social studies, 40,000 objects, contains tutorials and simulations OER Commons: covers arts, business, humanities, math and statistics, science, social sciences, 55,000 objects, contains games, interactive and simulations Ariadne: world’s largest repository, 800,000+ objects, covers all disciplines, contains games and simulations Connexions at Rice University’s OER contains textbooks, lessons, learning materials and scholarly works geared toward K-12 Edx: open courseware initiative, partnership between Harvard and MIT Source: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7061.pdf

Challenges Accessibility Compliance Internet Access/ Contributes to Digital Divide May require specific skills and time Quality of OER is uneven and depends largely on their sources Value decreases over time if not updated Compliance with accessibility requirements for users with disabilities Most OER require access to the internet and may contribute to the digital divide Curation of OER materials and integration into your course may require specific skills and time Quality of OER is uneven and depends largely on their sources Value of educational resources tends to decrease without periodic updating, and many open resources are not kept current

Opportunities for Success Increase quality, provide a range of ideas and more broadly distribute knowledge Spur pedagogical innovation, introducing new alternatives for effective teaching Opportunity to collaborate among institutions and countries Brings a greater range of tools within reach to more users

Opportunities for Success May improve student’s understanding of the material Potential to expose students and instructors to the content which may not find its way into widespread educational use OER may lower the costs for students to obtain educational content

What is the benefit to students? What are the options for students? What is the benefit to students?

How does OER Apply to students? Impact According to the College Board, the average student at a 4 year public university spends $561 per semester on books. (Framingham State University may spend less) eTextbook, students own nothing, can share nothing, sell nothing at the end of the semester Is OER an answer?

How does OER Apply to students? Lower Student’s cost Spur Engagement Encourage Student Research Raise awareness between sharing and plagiarism Supports Lifelong Learning Skills Lower students’ cost to obtain educational content (i.e. textbooks, supplemental material, articles, etc.) OER may be used by students for the purposes of self-directed study, remediation or to advance learning OER has the potential to spur engagement Ask your students to re-mix, improve and redistribute OER material as part of an assignment Student research may be published to vetted OER sites (e.g. Framingham State University Repository) A repository of student work could serve as a powerful learning resource, while also raising awareness about the distinction between appropriate sharing/collaboration and plagiarism Source: http://www.col.org/PublicationDocuments/Guidelines_OER_HE.pdf

What can a university do?

Exemplar initiatives Portland State University Grant opportunities ($2500) to develop open access text book Kansas City State University Faculty received stipend $5,000 ($60,000 initiative) develop or adopt open alternatives to traditional textbooks – OER or Open text book SUNY Statewide Initiative Participating libraries leading an OER initiative Oregon State University Open text book authors granted ($15,000 – $20,000) funds for professional development States of California and Florida state-wide Initiatives Legislative support for Open Access Text books Partner with universities and publishers State of Washington Open Courseware Library – State of Washington to Offer Online Materials as Texts Cal State University and University of Minnesota List Open Access Resources in Library catalog Many other institutions (including Framingham State University) Create Faculty Resources LibGuides Educational Technology Support Services Library Research Services

Open education initiative Grant Program Options Grant program initially of 10K to award 10 faculty members to discover or develop replacement materials that would come at little or no cost for students OER initiative comes in 2 forms: Pure open access where online content is readable and available for download at no monetary cost to reader Hybrid open access where the publisher and library negotiate number of concurrent users who can access material simultaneously

Open education initiative Grant Program Outcome Library developed online guide listing OER resources like Connexions, FlatWorld Knowledge, MERLOT, Open Courseware Consortium; subject liaisons helped locate resources Total student savings after second round of grants: $205,000 from an grant investment of 25K UMASS developed OER housed in university’s institutional repository Hybrid OER embedded in course management system Number of required textbooks reduced by replacing some core commercial textbooks with OER and hybrid OER

Open education Support Online Resources and Guides Library Research Strategies Professional Development Course Design Strategies Collaborative Opportunities CTDLC-UMOL-MCO Open Education Summit

Next steps Start small. Explore existing OER Apply for a Grant Enlist Library and ETO Help Develop a habit of working in teams Augment course material Consider publishing Start small. Begin with a small assignment or consider adopting an OER Text Apply for Teaching with Technology Innovation Grant funds to “experiment” with OER material Enlist Librarians and Education Technology staff to assist with your search for quality resources and how to integrate materials into your course Develop a habit of working in teams, including your students Explore existing OER in vetted portals/repositories. Select content that may be useful in your course modules Augment course material with Open Education Resources when evaluating textbook or updating course material Consider publishing content to an OER portal like Creative Commons

How do we achieve our goal? Awareness Make Resources Available IT-Library Collaborative Training Faculty Education Student Awareness Funding Professional Development Funds Support Experimenta-tion Endorsement Support efforts from top down Support a state mandate to use OER materials Collaboration Joint MA/CT OER Summit April 22 or 23 Kim Thanos Keynote Making Resources Available – Professional Development - IT-Library Collaborative Training Faculty Education Student Education Professional Development Funds University Endorsement Collaborate with other institutions State Mandate / Support

Questions Questions http://ssl.gstatic.com/think/docs/the-new-multi-screen-world-study_research-studies.pdf

Thank you Millie Gonzalez vgonzalez@framingham.edu Robin Robinson rrobinson@framingham.edu

Resources Getting Started – LibGuides http://libguides.framingham.edu/open_educational_resources UMass http://guides.library.umass.edu/oer OER Handbook http://wikieducator.org/OER_Handbook/educator/Introduction/The_Copyright_Paradox Open Source.com http://opensource.com/education/13/4/guide-open-source-education MERLOT http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm Sparc http://www.sparc.arl.org/ Openstack http://www.openstack.org/  Connexions http://cnx.org/ Slideshare Presentation of Resource Links http://www.slideshare.net/zaid/101-open-educational-resources-presentation

Resources MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching): covers arts, business, education, humanities, math, science, social studies, 40,000 objects, contains tutorials and simulations OER Commons: covers arts, business, humanities, math and statistics, science, social sciences, 55,000 objects, contains games, interactive and simulations Ariadne: world’s largest repository, 800,000+ objects, covers all disciplines, contains games and simulations Connexions at Rice University’s OER contains textbooks, lessons, learning materials and scholarly works geared toward K-12 Edx: open courseware initiative, partnership between Harvard and MIT Futurelearn, the UK's first provider of free, open online courses (with the British Library).

Resources http://www.library.stonybrook.edu/open-suny-textbooks http://library.pdx.edu/pdxopen.html http://library.calstate.edu/textbook/?isbn=9780321696397&type=books&button=Search http://collegeopentextbooks.ning.com/ http://www.clrn.org/fdti/ https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/ http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/oregon-state-university-open-textbook-request- proposal http://www.lib.k-state.edu/open-textbook https://creativecommons.org/tag/open-textbooks http://opensuny.org/omp/index.php/SUNYOpenTextbooks/about/description http://www.library.stonybrook.edu/open-suny-textbooks   http://library.pdx.edu/pdxopen.html http://library.calstate.edu/textbook/?isbn=9780321696397&type=books&button=Search http://collegeopentextbooks.ning.com/ http://www.clrn.org/fdti/ https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/ http://osulibrary.oregonstate.edu/oregon-state-university-open-textbook-request-proposal http://www.lib.k-state.edu/open-textbook https://creativecommons.org/tag/open-textbooks http://opensuny.org/omp/index.php/SUNYOpenTextbooks/about/description

Sources http://www.slideshare.net/rreo/overview-of-open-educational- resources-oers-faculty- presentation?src=related_normal&rel=5684770 Marilyn S. Billings, Sarah C. Hutton, Jay Schafer, Charles M. Schweik, Matt Sheridan. “Open Educational Resources as Learning Materials: Prospects and Strategies for University Libraries.” Research Library Issues: A Quarterly Report from ARL, CNI and SPARC, no. 280 (Sept. 2012) http://publications.arl.org/rli280/

OER Spotlight OER Commons: covers arts, business, humanities, math and statistics, science, social sciences, 55,000 objects, contains games, interactive and simulations