Real Time Monitoring – The Installation and Continuous Operation of Organic Carbon and Liquid Chromatography Analyzers at Remote Field Stations in the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta David Gonzalez California Department of Water Resources Division of Environmental Services Municipal Water Quality Investigations Field Support Unit

Drinking Water and Organic Carbon – What are some of the Issues? Organic carbon reacts with chlorine during disinfection to form suspected carcinogenic compounds such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Organic carbon reacts with chlorine during disinfection to form suspected carcinogenic compounds such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. The majority of Delta islands are composed of peat soils rich in organic carbon. The majority of Delta islands are composed of peat soils rich in organic carbon. The complex Delta system makes it difficult to assess the relative carbon contributions from riverine inputs and in- Delta sources, and to develop accurate models of water quality fluctuations in the Delta. The complex Delta system makes it difficult to assess the relative carbon contributions from riverine inputs and in- Delta sources, and to develop accurate models of water quality fluctuations in the Delta.

Real Time Monitoring Stations Banks Station Hood Station McCune Station

Real Time Monitoring of Organic Carbon with a Dedicated Field Analyzer – Feasibility Study The MWQI Field Unit conducted a feasibility study in 1999 – 2000 to evaluate the performance of a Sievers 800 UV/Oxidation based carbon analyzer installed in a field station on the Sacramento River.

We learned what is needed to make the system work and provide representative data Secure location with accessibility, power, and phone service Secure location with accessibility, power, and phone service Water delivery system including pump and water lines Water delivery system including pump and water lines Water flow control and flow diversion system Water flow control and flow diversion system Water Sampling ports Water Sampling ports Data Logger communication Data Logger communication Develop SOP’s and a QA/QC plan Develop SOP’s and a QA/QC plan

The Next Phase: The Installation of a Shimadzu 4100 TOC analyzer at Banks Headworks Shimadzu 4100 is a catalyzed combustion based analyzer. Shimadzu 4100 is a catalyzed combustion based analyzer. Dual stream – can do both Total Organic and Dissolved Organic Carbon Dual stream – can do both Total Organic and Dissolved Organic Carbon Filtration system required for DOC analysis Filtration system required for DOC analysis Pressurized air supply required Pressurized air supply required

Data System TOC Analyzer Datalogger Phone Modem Access Database QA/QC Data World Wide Web FTP DWR California Data Exchange

A Shimadzu 4100 unit was installed at Hood facility in April 2002 The only station with both UV/oxidation and catalyzed combustion based analyzers. The only station with both UV/oxidation and catalyzed combustion based analyzers.

Sievers 900 TOC analyzer installed in May 2005 Touch screen programming Touch screen programming Integrated on-line sampling system Integrated on-line sampling system Integrated inorganic carbon removal unit Integrated inorganic carbon removal unit USB port for data transfer USB port for data transfer Increased rate of analysis Increased rate of analysis

The Next Step - The addition of a Dionex DX- 800 Ion Chromatography Analyzer at the Banks station for anion analysis Parameters of Interest - Chloride – Trihalomethane Formation Potential Bromide - Trihalomethane Formation Potential Nitrate – Nutrient loading Sulfate – Drinking water regulatory standards

The Anion Analyzers Operational Requirements : Need supply of both pressurize nitrogen and clean air. Need supply of both pressurize nitrogen and clean air. T1 line needed for remote operation of analyzer’s computer. T1 line needed for remote operation of analyzer’s computer. Sample stream must be filtered to 0.45  m. Sample stream must be filtered to 0.45  m. Requires 18 M  DI Water Requires 18 M  DI Water

New building needed to house anion and carbon analyzers

The New System

Required Components

Our newest facility: The San Joaquin River McCune Station near Vernalis

New Analyzers

Dionex system and Pump float components

TOC/DOC Daily Average Comparison

Organic Carbon concentration and its relation to flow in the San Joaquin River near Vernalis

Sievers/Shimadzu Daily TOC Averages on the Sacramento River at Hood

Banks Headworks: Online vs. Grab TOC Samples – Relative Percent Difference

Banks Headworks: Online vs. Grab DOC Samples – Relative Percent Difference

chloride Bromide Nitrate Sulfate

In Conclusion Continual operation of remotely installed organic carbon analyzers is achievable. Continual operation of remotely installed organic carbon analyzers is achievable. With proper maintenance, servicing, and operation these systems produce representative data. With proper maintenance, servicing, and operation these systems produce representative data. Remote analyzers can be very labor intensive at times and require frequent monitoring of operational status Remote analyzers can be very labor intensive at times and require frequent monitoring of operational status The remote operation of anion analyzers has a steep learning curve. The remote operation of anion analyzers has a steep learning curve. Still developing operational procedures and techniques for anion units that work in field setting. Still developing operational procedures and techniques for anion units that work in field setting.