Parts of a Cell By: Aditi Kamble
Main Idea Cells are the basic building blocks of living things. Cells contain special structures to transport cell materials.
Lesson summary All living things are made of cells. Cells can produce other cells. Cells carry out all the basic functions of life. Cells contain smaller structures called organelles. Each organelle performs a specific function.
Vocabulary Cell: The basic unit of all living things Organelle: A structure that performs specific functions in the cell. Nucleus: The cell part that contains DNA and directs the cell activities. Cytoplasm: A gel-like material that is located between the cell membrane.
The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. All cells are too small to see with the unaided eye. Cells were not discovered until the microscope was invented. Scientists in the 1800s stated a theory: The cell is a basic unit of a living organism. Cells come from other cells.
What Cells Do Some organisms consists of only one cell. Other organisms are multicellular. These cells work together to provide all the needs of the organism. Cells in a multicellular organism cannot stay apart from each other. Cells in different kind of living things may perform life functions very differently. Cells make copies of themselves by using the molecule DNA.
Animal & Plant Cells
The Parts of a Cell Organells are a smaller structures within a cell which performs specific functions. Organelles in both animal and plant cells are very different. The nucleus directs the activities of the cell. It stores DNA. Nucleus stores water, food, waste and other substances. Cell membrane is a thin outer flexible covering that surrounds all types of cells. The cell wall is a rigid outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane . Is only in Plant cells
The Parts of a Cell Cont. #1 Between the nucleus and the cell membrane is the cytoplasm. All the organelles are located within the cytoplasm. Tiny ribosomes are scattered thought a cell. Ribosomes help assemble proteins. Lysosomes are small, ball shaped organelles that helped the cell break down nutrients and old cell parts. Vacuoles are membrane bound sacs that are filled with fluid.
Parts of a cell cont. #2 Golgi apparatus is a system of membranes. It modifies and refines proteins. Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells. Contain pigments that absorbs sunlight. Mitochondria is a large peanut shaped organelle. It is in both plant and animal cells.
Parts of a cell Cont. #3 The endoplasmic reticulum is a system of membranes and tubes. A cell usually contains two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum, called rough and smooth.
Beyond the Book Many different kinds of cells Nerve cells can be as long as your feet to your spinal cord Different kinds are in different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells Small cell with no nucleus Organisms made from prokaryotic cells are small Bacteria are prokaryotes, single cell organism 3 main regions: Outside protection of the cell Whip like appendages called flagella The inside part of the cell called cytoplasmic region
Eukaryotic Cells Has a nucleus The nucleus houses DNA Typically a lot bigger and complex than prokaryotic Find in plants and animals
Fun Facts!!!!!!!!!!!!! Discovered by Robert Hooke Largest known cell is the ostrich egg that can weigh over 3 pounds When many cells of the same kind are put together it forms a tissue Humans carry more bacteria cells than other cells
Pop Quiz Who was the man who discovered cells? Bob Hooke Robert Hooke Bill Gates Steve Jobs Which cell has a nucleus? Animal cell Plant cell Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Aditi K