PARTS OF SENTENCES Unit 2

Parts of Sentences Unit SUBJECT AND PREDICATE Parts of Sentences Unit

Love stinks. Do these two words make a sentence?

Subject/Predicate A grammatical sentence contains a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a predicate (what the subject is or does) and expresses a complete thought. “Love” is the subject of the sentence and “stinks” is the predicate. These words have multiple meanings and can act as different parts of speech than they’re being used as here. It depends on their purpose. Here, though, love is a noun and stinks is a verb.

Subject/Predicate A sentence’s subject often contains a noun and a sentence’s predicate contains a verb. New York Times Article On your own paper please write a list of any nouns you find interesting or challenging and any verbs you find interesting or challenging (two lists).

Subject/Predicate Let’s discuss the article: Do you believe that chess saved Shawn Martinez’s life? How could both of these perspectives be supported by quotes from the article? (specific quotes) How would Shawn Martinez answer this question?

Subject/Predicate Groups (I’ll number you off) In your groups you will show all of your lists and choose 2 nouns and 2 verbs. Please write your 2 nouns and 2 verbs on the provided index cards (1 on each). You must define the word and cite where it was found in the article. (groups use dictionaries in back of room) Word Wall on board

Subject/Predicate Each group will now mix and match all of the words on the word wall to create 5-6 original sentences. You will use the nouns as the subjects and the verbs as the predicates. Add words and change tense in order to create challenging sentences. Underline the subject with an “s” underneath, underline predicate with a “p” underneath! Present your sentences on board.

Subject/Predicate Practice Please get a Lang. Textbook out of the bookshelf in the back of the room or under your desk. Starting on page 327 you need to define the following words: Subject Complete Subject Simple Subject Predicate Complete Predicate Simple Predicate Do Exercises 4-6

Parts of Sentences Unit PHRASES Parts of Sentences Unit

“Night” Activity Read excerpt from “Night” by Elie Weisel As a review that is going into our next lesson please answer the parts of speech questions. #1-13 This will take some time, make sure you focus and do your best! You will work in groups but you must turn in your own answers in your own packet. Discuss the questions with your team, the questions are intricate. If you do not work diligently you will work alone.

Phrases A phrase is a group of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb. Collectively, the words in the phrases function as a single part of speech. We are going to look at 6 different types of phrases. A few of those 6 types have sub- types as well.

Phrases Examples: Colors can influence the way we feel about a place or thing. A room painted white often seems larger than it is. Painting something orange draws people’s attention to it. Studies show that more women than men seem to prefer red. Green, the color of many things in nature, relaxes people.

Phrase Practice Determine whether the underlined word group in each of the following sentences is a phrase or not. If it is write phrase for that number, if it is not write not a phrase for that number.

Please place the keys on the table. They decided to watch a movie. The glasses are on the shelf. Enrique became excited when he heard the news. Jimmy, fearing a low score, studied diligently for his exam. In 1934, my grandfather came to the United States. The clothes in the corner should be donated to charity. Casper, a master of the violin, is learning to play the guitar. Before she left home, Helena ate breakfast and read a magazine. Hiding under the bed, my shoes were lost forever.

Prepositional Phrases A preposition plus its object and any modifiers. Common Prepositions Include: To, around, under, over, like, as, behind, with, outside, etc… Prepositional phrases may function as adjectives or as adverbs.

Prepositional Phrases Adjective Prepositional Phrases: Tell which one, what kind, how many, and how much, or give other information about a noun, a pronoun. A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or a pronoun. Examples: The store around the corner is painted green. (Which store is it? The store around the corner.) The girl with the blue hair is angry.

Prepositional Phrases Adverb Prepositional Phrases Tell how, when, where, why, to what extent, or under what condition about a verb, an adjective, an adverb. A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. Examples: Oscar is painting his house with the help of his friends. (How is he painting his house? With the help of his friends.) Sally is coloring outside the lines.

Prepositional Phrase Practice What is an “ode”? A lyrical poem characterized usually by elevated feeling and style. Odes celebrate something in life.

“Ode to the Sprinkler” Read “Ode to the Sprinkler” by Gary Soto Complete Activity 4 and Activity 5 about prepositional phrases. In Activity 5, disregard the instructions in the middle of the sheet about index cards.

Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases Infinitive: a verb form that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Most infinitives begin with “to.” to fly, to draw, to become, to enter, to stand, to catch, to belong

Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases Infinitive Phrase: the word “to” plus a verb. Can function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns. To dance gracefully is my ambition. (here the IP is the subject of the sentence) Her plan to become a millionaire fell through when she lost her job (IP modifies plan; functions as an adjective) She wanted to become a veterinarian. (noun – direct object of “wanted”) John went to college to study engineering. (tells why he went, so it’s an adverb)

Appositives and Appositive Phrases Appositive: a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it. The Drama Club will be performing a play about the mythological hero Perseus. (The appositive “Perseus” identifies the noun “hero”…both are nouns) Only two eight-graders, Saul and I, auditioned for the lead role. (the compound appositives “Saul” and “I” identify the noun “eighth-graders”)

Appositives and Appositive Phrases Appositive Phrases: consists of an appositive and its modifiers. The restaurant’s specialty is spaghetti, an Italian dish made with noodles, sauce, and various spices. (The appositive phrase identifies the noun “spaghetti”) Spaghetti, one of the restaurant’s specialties, is an Italian dish made with noodles, sauce, and various spices. (The appositive phrase identifies the noun “spaghetti”) Babe Ruth, a world famous baseball player, broke many world records.

Participles and Participial Phrases Participle: a verb form (past or present) acts like an adjective. Present Participles end in –ing Our soccer team had a winning season. (Winning modifies season.) Shivering with cold, we decided to go indoors. (Shivering modifies we.) Most past participles end in –d or –ed. We visited a Spanish mission established in the 1600s. (Established modifies mission.) The swollen river overflowed its banks. (Swollen modifies river.)

Participles and Participial Phrases Participle phrase: consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective. Examples: Blinded by the light, Sarah walked into the concert hall. Swimming for his life, John crossed the English Channel.

Gerunds and Gerund Phrases Gerund: a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun. Skiing is my favorite sport. (subject of the verb is.) My hobby is fishing. Sam enjoys rock climbing. We should give snorkeling a try.

Gerunds and Gerund Phrases Gerund phrase: a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. The entire phrase is used as a noun. Walking in the moonlight is a romantic way to end a date. (subject of a sentence) He particularly enjoyed walking in the moonlight with his girlfriend. (direct object) He wrote a poem about walking in the moonlight. (object of the preposition) Walking the dog is not my favorite task. (subject)

Absolute Phrase Absolute Phrase: a group of words consisting of a noun or pronoun, an “ing” or “ed” verb, and any modifiers that are around it. Simpler definition: An absolute phrase contains a noun or pronoun followed by a participle. They modify the whole sentence rather than just a part of it. They are always set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma or pair of commas (or dashes)

Absolute Phrase Examples: Their minds whirling from the avalanche of information provided by their teacher, the students made their way thoughtfully to the parking lot. His head pounding, his hands shaking, his heart filled with trepidation, the young man knelt and proposed marriage to his sweetheart.