adzly anuar © MEMB Introduction to AutoCAD

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Contents Overview & background Starting, interface & file system Basic drawing commands Basic editing commands View command

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Introduction  What is CAD?  Computer Aided Design and Draughting (sometimes known as CADD)  Generally, it is the use of computers in design and drawing processes  Traditionally, technical drawing are made using manual drafting. It is often require a lot of effort and time consuming particularly for large complex drawing.  CAD is being used widely in modern practice. The ability of computer that enable engineers to produce, revise, store and transmit original drawings has made it very important. Example of CAD software: –AutoCAD, PRO/Engineer, IDEAS, UNIGRAPHICS, CATIA,SolidWorks, etc.

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD History of CAD Charles Barbage (1883) - developed idea for computer.  IC Chip Revolution => Micro-Computers and CAD.  1 st CAD demon by Ivan Sutherland (1963) - SKETCHPAD.  A year later IBM produced the first commercial CAD system.  Many changes has taken place since then, with the advancement of powerful computers.  With these developments, it is now possible to do all the designs using CAD including two- dimensional drawings, solid modeling, complex engineering analysis, production and manufacturing.  New technologies are constantly invented which make this process quicker, more versatile and more powerful.

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Advantages of CAD  Easier Creation and Corrections - Working/detail drawings may be created more quickly and makings changes is more efficient than correcting drawings made by hand.  Better Visualisation of drawings - Many systems allow different views of the same object and 3D pictorial view.  Database of Drawing Aids - Designs and symbols can be stored for easy recall and reuse.  Increased Accuracy - Using the computer, the drawing can be produced with more accuracy.  Improved Filing - Drawings can be more conveniently filed, retrieved and transmitted on disks and tape.  Quick Design Analysis  Simulation and Testing

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Computer System & Component  A computer system consists of hardware and software.  Hardware is various pieces of physical equipment that comprise a computer system.  Software is the programs and instructions that permit the computer to operate. Software can be divided into two; application programs and operating system.  The hardware for a CAD system consists of the physical devices used to support CAD software. The hardware system consist of:  Central Processing Unit (CPU)  Computer Operating System  Display Devices  Input Devices  Output Devices

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD AutoCAD Why use AutoCAD?  Wide of Use - 20,000 Installation World-wide  5 million user world wide  2 million student user world wide  Excellent Intro. To CAD - Cost Effectiveness - Sufficiently Complex  Linked to Other Softwares - e.g. ANSYS, 3D- Studio Max, etc.  Customized Application using high level programming language Auto-LISP

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD AutoCAD  How AutoCAD is used?  Electronic Paper with Drawings and Editing Tools - Analogous to Manual Drafting  Valuable and More Efficient in Modifying Drawings. Object can be moved, copied, rotated, erased, redrawn, etc. Editing in AutoCAD is faster than in manual drawing.  Drawing Layers to Enhance Drawing and Visibility. AutoCAD provides a set of drawing layer which is equivalent to the engineering layers on working drawings.  Storage/database of Commonly used Object. Complex objects that are frequently used can be stored as symbol in the library. This would increase the productivity in the drafting work.

adzly anuar © Starting, Interface & File system

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Starting with AutoCAD 2002 How to start –Click icon [AutoCAD 2002], or select from START menu [Start]>Program>MDT 6>AutoCAD2002

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Starting screens When AutoCAD is started, two windows will be opened –AutoCAD 2002 and AutoCAD Today

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Starting screens AutoCAD Today window – used to open or create new drawings Create new drawing tabOpen drawing tabOption to Start from Scratch or from Template or Wizards Unit

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD AutoCAD main window Pull down menu Icons/Toolbar Drawing area Cursor Command prompt area Model & layout tab Coordinate status UCS (User coordinate system)

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Creating new drawing To create new drawing: –Template, Starting from scratch or Wizards Usually start from scratch –In AutoCAD today window: Click on Create Drawings Tab –In ‘Select how to begin:’ box, select Start from Scratch –Click on Metric

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Initialising (New Drawing) Setting up drawing limit –To define the drawing area and limit the grid display –[menu] > Format > Drawing Limits… –In command box: Setting up drawing unit –[menu] > Format > Units… –Drawing Unit Window

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Initialising (New Drawing) Setting up grid and snap –Very useful tool, as a guide in drawing To activate: –Click on button GRID or SNAP To modify the settings –Right click on button GRID –Select Settings… Showing Grid Without Grid Changing Grid and Snap setting

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Opening and saving To open existing file –[menu] >File>Open or press CTRL+O –Or click Open Icon To save drawing –[menu] >File >Save or press CTRL+S –Or click Save Icon Open Drawing WindowSave Drawing Window

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Printing Can be done from model view or from layout view (paper space) From model view (Make sure in Model Tab) –[Menu] > File > Plot or CTRL +P or click Plot Icon Drawing Orientation Scale of printout/plot Paper size Plot area Preview

adzly anuar © Basic editing & drawing commands

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Using this guide Choosing an item from pull down menu –[pd menu] –Example: To draw straight line, [pd menu] >Design > Line Icon & button –[icon item] or [button item] –Example: To draw straight line click on [icon line] Type in command prompt –command: command type here {enter} –Example: To draw a straight line type in Command: line {enter} You just have to type in the word line and press the key Enter (on the keyboard) The command is not case sensitive

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Basic stuff Definitions : –Click Press once and release Also commonly used to refer to left-click –Left-click Press left-mouse button (LMB) once and release Commonly used to pick or choose an item –Right-click Press right-mouse button (RMB) once and release Commonly used to access pop-up menu –Double-click Commonly referred to clicking left mouse button twice –Click-and-drag Commonly referred to pressing left mouse button (and not releasing it) and move the mouse as required The left mouse button is released to finish the command

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Example

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Basic stuff How to draw: –using mouse, point and click in drawing area –Type in coordinates in command prompt window When using the mouse –Recommended to use snap and grid as guide –Set snap and grid spacing accordingly Mouse Pointer Line drawn Grid Command ‘line’ Points typed Type the points here

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing straight line 3 methods to execute the command –By choosing [pd menu] > Draw > Line –By clicking [icon Line] –By typing in at command prompt command: line {enter} or command: L {enter} To draw a straight line –Using mouse –Using (typing) coordinate points Line icon Line command

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing straight line Using a mouse –Move the pointer to the desired location as start point –Click –Move the pointer to the second point, Click –To end the line press Enter –To continue, move the pointer to 3 rd point, Click –Continue as required –Use snap and grid as guides Start point 2 nd point3 rd point 4 th point End point

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing straight line …cont Using coordinate points, 3 methods: –Absolute coordinate –Relative coordinate –Polar Origin (0,0) 2 nd point (1,4) 1 st point (1,1) 3 rd point (4,4) 4 th point (2,2) 5 th point (4,1) Absolute coordinate Relative coordinate

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing straight line …cont Polar relative coordinate

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing circle –Use mouse or type in command prompt to specify point or value – similar to drawing straight line To execute circle command –[pd menu] > Draw > Circle > –[icon circle] –At command prompt command: circle {enter} or command: c {enter} Pull-down menu Command prompt Shortcut Icon Circle command

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD 3.2 Drawing circle …cont Methods to draw circles –Center and radius –Center and diameter –Two points circle –Three points circle –Tan, tan, radius –Tan, tan, tan Center and radius [pd menu] Command prompt: 1. Center point (2,4) 2. Radius, 1.5 Note: mouse can be used to place the center point and the radius of the circle

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing circle …cont Center and diameter [pd menu] Command prompt: 1. Center point (2,4) 2. Diameter, 3 Two points [pd menu] Command prompt: 1. 1st point (0.5,4) 2. 2nd point (3.5,4)

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing circle …cont 3 points [pd menu] Command prompt: 1. 1st point (2,5.5) Tan tan radius [pd menu] Command prompt: 2. 2nd point (2,2.5) 3. 3rd point (3.5,4) 1. 1st object (line) 2. 2nd object (line) 3. Radius (1.5)

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing circle …cont 1. Select 1 st line using mouse Tan tan tan [pd menu] 2. Select 2 nd line using mouse 3. Select 3rd line using mouse Command prompt: Note: these 3 lines must exist on the drawing area before the circle can be drawn

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing arc –Use mouse or type in command prompt to specify point or value – similar to drawing circle To execute arc command –[pd menu] > Draw > Arc > –[icon arc] –At command prompt command: arc {enter} or command: a {enter} Pull-down menu Command prompt Shortcut Icon Arc shortcut icon

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing arc …cont Methods – many ways, most used –3 points –Start, center, end –Start, center, angle –Start, end, radius 3 points [pd menu] Command prompt: 1. 1st point (2,2) 2. 2nd point (1,3.5) 3. 3rd point (2,5)

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing arc …cont Start, center, end [pd menu] Command prompt: 1. Start point (2,2) 2. Center point (2,3.5) 3. End point (2,5) Start, center, angle [pd menu] Command prompt: 1. Start point (2,2) 2. Center point (2,3.5) 3. Angle (90degree)

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing arc …cont Start, end, radius [pd menu] Command prompt: 1. Start point (2,2) 2. End point (3.5,3.5) 3. Radius (1.5)

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Erasing/deleting & copy entity Erasing or deleting entity –using mouse (2) click the entity to be erased - the entity will become dotted with several blue square (3) press Delete key –to delete multiple entities, click all that need to be deleted and press Delete key –can also use the command prompt to delete command: erase {enter} (1)(2)(3)

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD...copy entity To copy entity –can execute command from [pd menu] > Modify > Copy –type in command prompt command: copy {enter} select on entity/entities to be copied press Enter key after selecting entity/entities select base point select position of the entity to be placed –selecting can be done by mouse or typing the coordinate of the entity (touching) (1)(2)(3)(4) Command prompt:

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Moving entity Moving entity/entities –using [pd menu] > Modify > Move –similar to copy entity –using mouse select entity - it will become dotted with blue squares click on the blue square in the middle move your mouse to the desired location click to place the entity on the new location (1)(2)(3)(4) Command prompt:

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Scale / Resize To scale or resize entity – increase or reduce –[pd menu] > Modify > Scale –Or command: scale {enter} –(2) Select entities to be scaled, press Enter –(3) Select (click) base point, mouse can be used to scale the entities or type in scale factor at command prompt Command prompt: (1) (2) (3) (4)

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Line types and line thickness The line type need to be loaded before it can be used –[pd menu] > Format > Linetype… –Linetype Manager dialog box will be opened –initially we only have one line type which is continuous –click on [button Load] –another dialog box is opened Load or Reload Linetypes Line Types

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Line types... –Choose the types of lines to be loaded by clicking it from the list –click [button OK] –the selected line will be displayed in Linetype Manager

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Line types... Line thickness Before loading line types After loading line types (DASHED) Line types and line thickness drop down list box –Select the required line type and line thickness –Draw the line, arc, etc

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Magnification (Zoom) Zoom window Zoom dynamic Zoom scale Zoom center Change the size of view, not size of object Useful to draw small feature, to view overall size, etc. Several options.. Commonly used –Zoom window –Zoom all Can be accessed from –[pd menu] > View > Zoom –[icon zoom] –Command: zoom {enter} Zoom in Zoom out Zoom all Zoom extents Zoom realtime -[pd menu] > View > Zoom > Realtime -Or click [icon Zoom Realtime]

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Magnification (Zoom)…cont –[pd menu] > View > Zoom >Window –[icon Zoom Window] –Command: z {enter} Use mouse to specify the window (click on one corner, drag a rectangular window around the area to be zoom, click on the opposite corner) Zoom window Before 1 st click and drag the window After 2 nd click

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Magnification (Zoom)…cont –[pd menu] > View > Zoom > All –[icon Zoom All] –Command: z {enter} Command: a {enter} Zoom all BeforeAfter

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Magnification (Zoom)…cont -[pd menu] > View > Zoom > Realtime -Or click [icon Zoom Realtime] -Cursor icon will change to magnifying glass -Press LMB, move mouse up to zoom in, -Press LMB, move mouse down to zoom out -Release LMB for the new view Zoom realtime Zoom window Zoom previous Pan realtime -Click [icon Pan Realtime] -Cursor icon change to ‘hand’ -Press LMB, move mouse to move view of screen -Release mouse for the new view

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Pan … cont To move the view of the drawing around the screen - left, right, etc.. To access command –[pd menu] > View > Pan > –[icon pan] –command: pan {enter} or –command: p {enter} several options: –most used - realtime –others - left, right, up, down effect of pan similar to moving the scroll bar (horizontal & vertical) REDRAW – refresh display, removing element such as markers left from editing commands REGEN – refresh display, recalculate all coordinates

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing text 2 types –Multiline text –Single line text Single line text Several ways –Type in at command prompt Command: text {enter} –[pd menu] > Draw > Text > Single Line Text –After executing the command –Click in drawing area or type in coordinates for start point of the text –Type in the height of the text –Type in the rotation, if required –Type in the text –Pressing enter to go to the next line –To end the command, press enter twice Text icon From pull down menu Shortcut icon

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing text …cont Several ways –Type in at command prompt Command: mtext {enter} –[pd menu] > Draw > Text > Multiline Text –[Icon Multiline Text] To produce multiline text –Activate the command –Click on drawing area to specify the first corner, and click again to define the area where the text is to be drawn –Multiline Text Editor window is displayed –Type in the text in writing area, change its properties if required –Click OK button to finish Multiline text 1 st corner Opposite corner Writing area SizeBoldItalicUnderline FontColour Insert symbol

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing text …cont Properties tab Line spacing tab Change line spacing JustifyWidth (box)Rotation

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Drawing aid: Object snap Object snap or OSNAP –Are functions to aid the drawing process, a very useful tool –To snap on a geometric point on an object –Can be turned off or on by clicking OSNAP button on status bar or press CTRL+F or F3 key –When turned on, the cursor will jump or snap to the certain point on an object e.g. mid-point of a line or tangent of a circle –Includes visual aid – AutoSnap –Several OSNAP modes available, can activate any number at a time Endpoint Midpoint Intersection Apparent Intersection Extension Center Quadrant Tangent Perpendicular Parallel Insert Node Nearest

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Object snap …cont OSNAP setting –Right-click OSNAP button –‘Drafting Setting’ dialog box turns up –Can be used to turn on or off object snap modes –Symbols indicated by each mode are shown in drawing with yellow marker

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Object snap …cont How to use: –You need to have an object on drawing area –Then you need to be in a drawing command, e.g. CIRCLE, LINE, ARC, etc. –Hover the mouse over the existing object, Yellow marker shows up with tool tip Indicating what type of geometric point snap can be done EndpointMidpointIntersectionExample of OTRACK

adzly anuar © MEMB113 | Dept. of Mechanical Engineering | UNITEN | INTRO TO AUTOCAD Object snap modes…cont Endpoint –Snap to endpoint of the nearest entity, e.g. end of a line Midpoint –Snap to the midpoint of an entity, e.g. midpoint of a straight line, or arc Center –Snap to the center of entity such as circle, arc or ellipse Node –Snap to the nearest point (entity) Quadrant –Snap to the quarter position on the circumference of an arc, circle or ellipse Intersection –Snap to the intersection of two entities Tangent –Snap to the tangent of entities such as circle, arc or ellipse Nearest –Snap to the nearest point on an entities Perpendicular –Snap to the point perpendicular to an entity such as straight line

adzly anuar © End of chapter [05]