Electricity Supply in Alaska Frank Abegg, PE Fairbanks, Alaska April 2006 Frank Abegg, PE Fairbanks, Alaska April 2006

`` Utilities 1,778 MW Industry 822 MW Defense 181 MW Total2,781 MW Utilities 1,778 MW Industry 822 MW Defense 181 MW Total2,781 MW Alaska’s Electric Generating Capacity

Alaska’s Electric Capacity Utility & Non-Utility `

Installed Electric Utility Capacity ( )

Types of Power Generating Facilities in Alaska `

Alaska Electric Utilities Map

Utility Power Output (GWH/Year) RegionHydroOilGasCoalTotal Southcentral ,605 -3,501 Southeast Yukon Arctic-NW Southwest Total 1, , ,018 % Mix29%12%53%6%

Electric Supply Alternatives for Industry in Alaska On Site Generation –Central Power Plant –Cogeneration Option (Heat and Power) Electric Utility Transmission Grid

Electric Transmission Grid in Southcentral & Interior

Electric Transmission Grid in Southeast

Electric Utility Grid Connection Distribution Tap ( 4 MW Load) –12 kV Line ~ $75,000 to $100,000/mile Transmission Tap (up to 40 MW) –69 kV Line~ $250,000 to $300,000/mile Construction Time: Up to 5 years Permits: Right-of-Way (EA or EIS) Low Cost Financing ($/kWh)

Anchorage & Fairbanks$0.11/kWh Juneau$0.10/kWh Nome$0.15/kWh Tok$0.23/kWh Ft. Yukon$0.28/kWh McGrath$0.36/kWh Electric Utility Commercial Power Cost

On-Site Power Options –Combustion Turbines –Steam Turbines –Alternative Energy Wind, Hydro –Emerging Technology Fuel Cells, Micro-Turbines –Diesels

2,000 kW Diesel Trailer Module

3,600 kW Diesel Generator

Diesel Power Plant Installation Cost = $200 to $400/kW Operation & Maintenance Fuel Options - Natural Gas or Fuel Oil Fuel Use = up to 16 kWh per gallon Heat Recovery Option Permitting = General Permit or… –PSD & BACT Possible (1- 2 years minimum) Size = 5 kW to 10,000 kW

Combustion Turbine with Cogeneration (Heat and Power)

Combustion Turbine Plant Installed Cost: $700 to $1,200/kW Operation & Maintenance Fuel: Natural Gas to Heavy Oil Fuel Use: Up to 13 kWh/gallon Cogeneration & Comb. Cycle Option Permitting: Construction & Operating –PSD & BACT Required (2 years) Size = 3 MW to 90 MW

Steam Turbines

Steam Turbine Plant Installed Cost: $1,500 to $4,000/kW Operation & Maintenance Fuel: Solid, Liquid, Gas Cogeneration: Up to 70% Efficient Permits: Construction & Operating –PSD and BACT Required (1-2 years) Size Range = 3 MW to 200 MW

Alternative Energy - Wind

Installed Cost ~ $2,500/kW Operation & Maintenance Avg. Output: 25% of Rated Capacity Wind/Diesel Hybrid Option Site Wind ~ 15 mph (Average)

Cooper Lake Dam

Alternative Energy - Hydro Cost: $3,000 to $5,000/kW –Bradley Lake 120 $385 million –Old Harbor 500 $ 2.5 million Available Watershed –Mountain Lake (High Head) –River (Low Head) Permits: FERC Licensing

Emerging Technology - Fuel Cells

Emerging Technologies - Fuel Cells Commercial Size ~ Up to 250 kW Installed Cost = $5,000/kW Operation and Maintenance Fuel: Natural Gas Cogeneration: Up to 60% Efficient Expected Operating Life ~ 50,000+ hours

Capstan 30 kW Micro Turbine

Emerging Technologies – Micro Turbines Commercial Size ~ Up to 30 kW Installed Cost ~ $3,500/kW Operation and Maintenance Fuel: Natural Gas Efficiency: 25% Cogeneration: Up to 50% Efficient Expected Operating Life ~ 12,000+ hours

Power Supply Selection Process Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction Profile: Electricity and Heating Load Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc. Identify: Power Supply Alternatives Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs –Initial Investment, Cost of Capital –Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance Plan Ahead: Permits & Construction Profile: Electricity and Heating Load Define Criteria: Reliability, Life, etc. Identify: Power Supply Alternatives Evaluate: Life Cycle Costs –Initial Investment, Cost of Capital –Fuel Supply, Operation & Maintenance