Pharmacology-1 PHL 211 2 nd Term 13 th Lecture By Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D. Phone: 4677212

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Presentation By Jaspreet Rekhi Introducing Sites: -
Advertisements

CREAM Introduction and its types
Chapter 10 Soft Tissue Injures
Mark true (T) or false (F): 1) Pharmacy profession is concerned with the preparation and dispensing of drugs only. 2) The golden triad consists of the.
Chapter 12 Skin Medications. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.2 Skin Medications Skin is largest organ of the body Many.
Lipids.
Regeneration. Wound healing October 10, Wound healing is a natural restorative response to tissue injury. Healing is the interaction of a complex.
Haemostasis and NovoSeven®
HEMOSTASIS Hemostasis
Wound healing November 4, 2004.
Blood Clotting Robin Gray.
HEMOSTASIS. Due to damaged blood vessels Events that stop bleeding.
CREAMS MS.WAJIHA IFFAT OBJECTIVES: After the end of this topic, the student will be able to : Define creams Classify creams Method of preparation prepare.
MLAB Coagulation Keri Brophy-Martinez
Soap is the sodium or potassium salt of a long- chain fatty acid. Sodium Stearate.
DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Dr.Abdul Latif Mahesar.
EMULSIONS Kh Sadique Faisal Asst
Damaged Blood Vessels. On vessel injury
Blood Course By Dr. Khidir Abdel Galil.
Lecture NO- 12- Dr: Dalia Kamal Eldien.  Coagulation: Is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a clot. Coagulation begins after an injury.
Pathogens  Microorganisms causing diseases  eg. bacteria viruses fungi protozoa.
Ointments Ointments Ointment What is Ointments?
Pharmaceutics 2 & 3 صيدلانيات 2&3 Unit / second semester
Semisolid Dosage Forms
Chapter 14.2: White Blood Cells and Platelets. White Blood Cells (WBCs) -Also called leukocytes -Contain a nucleus and other organelles -No hemoglobin.
Clot Lysis and Intravascular Anticoagulants
Ingredient Key Terms Chapter 11. Antioxidants Applied topically, they neutralize free radicals and are added to cosmetics to prevent oxidation.
Vitamins "vital amine," are organic molecules (C, H, N, or O) that are needed in trace amounts to help catalyze many of the biochemical reactions in the.
+Acne +Arthritic Pain +Asthma +Bronchitis +Burns +Colds and Flu +Cuts and Wounds +Depression +Dermatitis +Diarrhea +Earache +Headaches.
HEMOSTASIS Primary hemostasis.
The 6 Basic Nutrients Mrs. Lashmet Health. Carbohydrates Purpose: To provide energy for your body’s needs.
Hemostasis. Hemostasis Definition Prevention of blood loss (stoppage of blood flow)
BLOOD CLOTTING.
Medication Preparations and Supplies
Blood – Part 3. Hemostasis  Hemostasis – Stoppage of blood flow.  If a blood vessel wall breaks a series of reactions is set in motion.  This response.
11.1 Components of Blood Unit D – Human Systems. Learning Objectives Covered in Lesson Describe major components of blood and their roles in transport,
BLOOD Functions of Blood Transportation – oxygen and carbon dioxide – nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes – heat Regulation – pH through buffer systems.
Developed by: Dawn Johnson, RN, MSN, Ed.  Internally and externally  Prevent bleeding from wounds which could lead to shock or even death.
Haemostasis Dr.Salah Elmalik Department of Physiology
GELS.
Compounding Ointment (Unguentum) Dr. Muslim Suardi, MSi., Apt.
Semisolid Dosage Forms
Integumentary System Skin, Hair, and Nails. Layers of the Skin!!! FIRST the EPIDERMIS… 1.Stratum Corneum- Outer layer of epidermis. Made of hard nonliving.
By Dr. Allen Hanouka CONTINENCE CARE WIPES. This presentation will cover the following topics: Presentation Layout Product Overview The Need for Continence.
Hemostasis and Coagulation Hemostasis Hemostasis is the maintenance of circulating blood in the liquid state and retention of blood in the vascular system.
Unit 2A Human Form & Function Body systems Blood Body systems Blood.
Blood Clotting In the absence of blood vessel damage, platelets are repelled from each other and from the endothelium of blood vessels. When a blood vessel.
Vitamins Nutrition and Wellness. What are Vitamins? Complex substances in food. Vitamins  Don’t supply energy by themselves.  Support many chemical.
Part 4: The Nature of Solvents
Lipids.
Patient blood management (Intraoperative bleeding management) By: Nazli Servatian.
Skin and Skin Care Products
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Topical Drugs Chapter 11.
Ointments, Creams, Pastes, and Gels
2nd Year Medicine- Blood Module May 2008
Tissue Response to Injury
Chapter 43 The Immune System.
PHARMACEUTICAL AIDS HONEY AND ARACHIS OIL PH
Blood Is not a structure of the Circulatory System. It is actually Connective tissue!
HEMOSTASIS BY: SATHISH RAJAMANI. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR.
6. Vitamins Lecture 4.
Drugs Affecting Blood.
Working characteristics and functional properties
Hemostasis (Hemo-blood Stasis-standing still)
7.4 TYPE OF SOLUTION DOSAGE FORM, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
External Preparations Ointment
Presentation transcript:

Pharmacology-1 PHL nd Term 13 th Lecture By Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D. Phone:

Demulcents, Overview  Demulcents:  Bland compounds of high molecular weight that forms aqueous solutions of high viscosity which is miscible with the mucus (i.e., It forms viscid mucilaginous solutions with water)  Demulcent forms a soothing film over a mucous membrane, relieving minor pain and inflammation of the membrane  Demulcents as pectin, glycerine, honey and syrup are common ingredients in cough mixtures  Actions and uses of Demulcents: 1.Protective action on mucous membranes and abraded skin. They form a layer which covers the surface of the mucous membrane, thus protecting it against irritant and noxious stimuli as mucin in case of gastric ulcer 2.Masking the bad taste of drugs through covering the taste buds of the tongue and by adsorbing drug molecules thus preventing their contact with the taste buds 3.Delaying the absorption of drugs as inclusion of gelatin in the depot form of heparin results in delayed absorption and prolonged duration 4.Delaying the excretion of drugs as Gum administered with saline delays its excretion 5.Employed as emulsifying and suspending agents

Demulcents, Examples  Examples of demulcents:  Domestically available demulcents as egg white, milk, starch  Gum Acacia and Gum Tragacanth as emulsifying and suspending agents  Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice): liquiorice root contains demulcent active principles which may be employed as a vehicle for expectorant drugs or as flavouring agent  Carbenoxolone: synthetic derivative of glycyrrhizic acid (extracted from liquorice), used to promote healing of gastric ulcers (MOA and main side effect???)  Glycerine: Pure glycerine is applied on mucous membrane as demulcent  Gelatine: incorporated in the depot form of heparin

Emollients, Overview  Emollients:  Oily or fatty substances (such as lanolin, paraffin) of vegetable, mineral, or animal origin that forms occlusive film on skin to produce local protection from external irritation and to prevent water evaporation. This prevents dryness of the skin and decreases heat loss. They are used as creams, ointments and pastes (i.e., emollients act as protectives and as softening agents)  Preparations of emollients:  Vegetable oils as olive oil, almond oil, theobroma oil (cocoa butter)  Animal fats such as lanolin (wool fat): They are absorbed from the skin with the drugs incorporated in them  Hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum liquid paraffin (mineral oil): used as a lubricant purgative Soft paraffin (Vaseline): This substance is not absorbed from the skin and is used as ointment bases for drugs which are not intended to be absorbed  Waxes as beeswax (as ointment base)  Vitamins A and D, in a suitable cream or ointment base, is used topically as a protectant and/or emollient for various minor dermatologic conditions including diaper rash, chafed skin, abrasions, and minor burns

Hemostatics, Overview  Hemostasis is the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel Platelets first adhere to macromolecules in the subendothelial regions of the injured blood vessel Platelets then aggregate to form the primary hemostatic plug. Platelets stimulate local activation of plasma coagulation factors, leading to generation of a fibrin clot that reinforces the platelet aggregate. Later, as wound healing occurs, the platelet aggregate and fibrin clot are degraded  Hemostatic agent is a substance that promotes hemostasis (stops bleeding)  Hemostatic agents used in medicine are either:  Systemic drugs: They work by inhibiting fibrinolysis or promoting coagulation. These include antifibrinolytics (e.g., aminocaproic acid ), vitamin K, fibrinogen, and blood coagulation factors  Locally-acting hemostatic agents (e.g., tannic and): They work by causing vasoconstriction or promoting platelet aggregation  Organic: As a kind of hybrid of local and systemic, topical hemostatic bandage D-Stat Dry is medicated with thrombin coagulation factor: D-Stat Dry is a topical hemostatic bandage used to control surface bleeding from vascular access sites following percutaneous procedures. It relies on clotting power of thrombin to activate clotting factors VII, V and XII  Styptics are a specific type of hemostatic agents that work by contracting tissue to seal injured blood vessels. Styptic pencils contain astringents

Astringents  The word "astringent" derives from Latin adstringere, meaning "to bind fast".  Definition: Astringent is a drug that reacts chemically with cellular proteins producing limited coagulation which is accompanied with shrinkage of body tissues.  Astringent protects from external irritation and reduces cellular permeability  It also possesses local styptic and local antiseptic actions  Astringent medicines cause shrinkage of mucous membranes or exposed tissues and are often used internally to check discharge of blood serum or mucous secretions  This can happen with a sore throat, hemorrhages, diarrhea, or with peptic ulcers. Externally applied astringents, which cause mild coagulation of skin proteins, dry, harden, and protect the skin  Acne sufferers are often advised to use astringents if they have oily skin  Examples: very cold water, rubbing alcohol and zinc oxide, and vegetable substances such as tannic acid  Uses of astringents:  Cleaning the face and preventing Acne Breakouts  Stopping bleeding  Relieving the discomfort and itching of insect bites, minor abrasions and Athlete’s foot  Haemorrhoids