TAKS Objective 4 The student will demonstrate an understanding of motion, forces, and energy.

TEKS 8.7 Science Concepts The student knows that there is a relationship between force and motion. The student is expected to: B. recognize that waves are generated and can travel through different media.

Lesson Objectives The learner will be able to differentiate between the motion of the wave and the motion of the matter carrying the wave. The learner will identify waves that require a medium to move through and waves that travel through empty space. The learner will demonstrate that waves carry energy.

Lesson Objectives Students will generate waves that pass through different media. The student will demonstrate that a wave moves forward while the material through which it passes is displace only slightly and momentarily. Students will measure wave properties.

Background What is a wave? –A disturbance in which energy is transferred without causing any permanent displacement of the medium (e.g., air, water, earth, empty space).

How do Waves Move? Longitudinal- (e.g., Compression waves) –Energy moves parallel to medium –Sound waves, dominos, some earthquake Transverse- (e.g., S waves) –energy moves perpendicular (right angles) to medium –Electromagnetic, some earthquake

Major Wave Types Electromagnetic- produced by the vibration of electrons within atoms on the Sun's surface. –Does not require particles to transfer energy –Usually transverse (S) waves

Mechanical- must have a medium to transfer energy –Need particles to interact to transfer energy –Compression (sound), surface (water), both compression & transverse (earthquakes) h.schools.nsw.edu.au/faculty_pages/ind_arts_web/bridgeweb/com mentary.htm

Sound Waves

Ocean Waves

Earthquake (Seismic) Waves

How Are Waves Made? All waves are made by vibrations –Sound- vibrate matter need molecules to vibrate so, no sounds in space

–Ocean waves are produced by wind and the gravitational pull of moon produces ocean tides.

–Electromagnetic waves- electric field and magnetic fields combine DON’T need molecules - travels through empty space

Electromagnetic Waves Radio, radar, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, xray, gamma

Redheaded Martians Invade Venus Using Xrays & Gamma rays

Where do Electromagnetic waves come from? Radio - sound and video of television is carried by shorter radio waves (wavelengths < 1 meter), and are modulated for broadcast much like FM radio. Radio waves are also produced by stars in distant galaxies. Microwaves - Microwaves & radar are high frequency radio waves and are emitted by the Earth, buildings, cars, planes, and other large objects. In addition, low-level microwave radiation permeates space, where it is speculated to have been released by the "Big Bang" during creation of the universe.

Infrared - Almost all objects emit infrared rays, depending on the temperature of the object. Visible light - White light originates from a variety of natural and artificial sources, including the sun, chemical reactions (fire), incandescent tungsten filaments, and fluorescent lamps (ROYGBIV) UV - The sun is a constant source of ultraviolet radiation. Stars and other hot celestial objects in outer space emit ultraviolet radiation.

X-rays - Medical tools and hot gases in outer space emit X-rays gamma - radioactive materials (natural and artificial) but also originate from nuclear explosions and a variety of sources in outer space. They also originate from the hottest regions of the universe including supernova explosions, neutron stars, pulsars, and black holes.

Misconceptions True or False? When a wave moves, the medium flows with the wave

Answer: Answer: False The medium moves very little - waves just transfer energy, not matter

True or False Radio waves are sound waves True or False? Radio waves are sound waves

Answer: False Equipment in the radio converts electromagnetic energy into sound waves ( XM radio is FM radio broadcast from satellites)

True or False There is sound in the vacuum of space

Answer: False Sound requires matter to vibrate

Chapter Activities A variety of experiences with waves are designed to introduce students to waves. Students will generate and study waves traveling through many different types of medium.

Engage Cheerleader Poof- demo

Explore Complete the falling like dominos learning experience.

Explain 1.Was energy transferred? 2. Did we significantly change the position of the dominos?

Elaborate I Can Hear You (telephone) Making Waves You Light Up My Life

Evaluate Create an illustrated poem (cinquain, haiku, limerick) for each type of wave.