Standards for Radiation Thermometry Frank Liebmann NCSLi 2012

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Learning Objectives Gain knowledge of the published standards available pertaining to radiation thermometry and infrared thermometry. Apply published standards to measurement, calibration, and testing involving radiation thermometry and infrared thermometry. 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Introduction Historically a lack of standards Past 5 years, an increase of standards Sources Topics Accuracy Levels BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE Usage Calibration Testing Uncertainty calculation Industrial Standards Laboratory NMI 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview of Standards Body Standard Usage Calibration Uncertainties Test Methods NMI High-end Industrial BIPM CCT-WG508-03   ● ○ IEC IEC 62492-1 ASTM E1256 E2758 E2847 VDI 3511 Part 4 3511 Part 4.2 3511 Part 4.3 3511 Part 4.4 MSL TG22 EMA Technical Guide… Radiation Thermometer Calibration ● Full applicability ○ Partial applicability 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

BIPM CCT-WG508-03, “Uncertainty budgets for calibration of radiation thermometers below the silver point” Scope is limited to radiation thermometers with readout in radiance and not temperature Useful for other types of work Blackbody Radiation Thermometer Calibration Equation and Use Calibration temperature ** Impurities * Plateau identification * Blackbody emissivity, isothermal Blackbody emissivity, non-isothermal ** Reflected ambient radiation Cavity bottom heat exchange Convection ** Cavity bottom uniformity ** Ambient conditions **   Size-of-source effect Non-linearity Reference temperature Ambient temperature Atmospheric absorption Gain ratios Noise Interpolation error Drift Unknown temperature * Fixed point blackbody only ** Variable temperature blackbody only 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

BIPM – Sakuma-Hattori 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

BIPM – Other Standards CCT/03-03, “Uncertainty budgets for realization of scales by radiation thermometry” Covers work done above the silver-point (961.78 °C) Fixed-points as blackbody sources 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

IEC 62492-1 “Industrial process control devices - Radiation thermometers - Part 1: Technical data for radiation thermometers” Terms, definitions and abbreviations for radiation thermometry How to state technical data based on these terms all related to radiation thermometry ● Measuring temperature range ● Measurement uncertainty (accuracy) ● Noise equivalent temperature difference ● Measuring distance ● Field-of-view ● Distance ratio ● Size-of-source effect   ● Emissivity setting ● Spectral range ● Influence of the internal instrument or ambient temperature (temperature parameter) ● Influence of air humidity (humidity parameter) ● Long-term stability ● Short-term stability ● Repeatability ● Interchangeability ● Response time ● Exposure time ● Warm-up time ● Operating temperature range and air humidity range ● Storage and transport temperature range and air humidity range 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

IEC Work Items Part 2 – Specifications Part 3 – Test Methods Being drafted Part 3 – Test Methods Not yet started 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

ASTM Committee E20 Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement Subcommittees Designation Title E20.02 Radiation Thermometry E20.03 Resistance Thermometers E20.04 Thermocouples E20.05 Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers E20.06 New Thermometers and Techniques E20.07 Fundamentals in Thermometry E20.09 Digital Contact Thermometers E20.90 Executive E20.91 Editorial and Terminology E20.94 Publication 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

E20.02 Roadmap 2008 Get handheld IR thermometer users to make more accurate measurements Usage (E2758) Calibration (E2847) Currently RT Classification Emissivity Standard RT Manual 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

ASTM E20.02 Standards E1256-11a: Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type) E2758-10: Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Wideband, Low Temperature Infrared Thermometers E2847-11: Standard Practice for Calibration and Accuracy Verification of Wideband Infrared Thermometers 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

ASTM E1256 Standard Test Methods for Radiation Thermometers (Single Waveband Type) Calibration Accuracy Test Method Repeatability Test Method Field-of-View Test Method (Target Size Test Method) Response Time Test Method Warm-Up Time Test Method Long-Term Stability Test Method (Long-Term Drift Test Method) 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

ASTM E2758 Standard Guide for Selection and Use of Wideband, Low Temperature Infrared Thermometers Basic usage of infrared thermometers Information on issues that may arise when using infrared thermometry Test methods to determine Emissivity Transmissivity Reflected temperature Graphical summary of equations for infrared thermometry Mathematical methods to determine the error caused by emissivity miscalculation, reflected temperature miscalculation, and atmospheric effects The mathematical methods use the Sakuma-Hattori Equation Contain worked examples 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

ASTM E2847 Standard Practice for Calibration and Accuracy Verification of Wideband Infrared Thermometers Comparison of an “infrared thermometer to the radiance temperature of a radiation source” Cavity blackbody sources Flat-plate sources Equipment Thermal Radiation Source Aperture * Transfer Standard Ambient Temperature Thermometer Distance Measuring Device Purge * Two traceability schemes Preparation of Equipment Calibration Procedure Uncertainties 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

E2847 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

VDI/VDE Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) and Verband der Elektrotechnik, Elektronik und Informationstechnik (VDE) VDI/VDE 3511 Blatt 4 Technische Temperaturmessung Strahlungsthermometrie (VDI/VDE 3511 Part 4 Temperature measurement in industry – Radiation thermometry) 4 Documents covering radiation thermometry Part 4, discusses basic theoretical and practical considerations concerning radiation thermometry Part 4.2 contains the “Maintenance of the specification for radiation thermometers” Part 4.3 is entitled “Standard test methods for radiation thermometers with one wavelength range” Part 4.4 is entitled, “Calibration of radiation thermometers” 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

VDI/VDE VDI/VDE 3511 Part 4.3 ASTM E1256 Measuring Temperature Range   Measurement uncertainty (accuracy) Calibration Accuracy Influence of the internal instrument temperature Long-term stability Long-Term Stability Repeatability Noise equivalent temperature difference Spectral range Target/target size Field-of-view Response time Response Time Exposure time Operating ambient temperature Storage temperature range Warm-Up Time 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

MSL TG22 “MSL Technical Guide 22, Calibration of Low-Temperature Infrared Thermometers”. Geared towards handheld infrared thermometers How infrared thermometers measure temperature Discusses influences on infrared thermometer measurement including introduction of a measurement equation How the signal is processed and about measurement errors Calibration and calibration sources including the concepts of calibrating the source by contact thermometry or by radiation thermometry Method to determine detector temperature for an infrared thermometer. 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Entidad Mexicana de Acreditación Guía Técnica Sobre Trazabilidad e Incertidumbre en la Calibración de Termómetros de Radiación Technical Guide on Traceability and Uncertainty for Radiation Thermometer Calibration Purely in Spanish Traceability Uncertainty Calibration schemes for calibration equipment Good practice for radiation thermometry metrology 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Overview Learning Objectives Introduction Overview of Standards BIPM IEC ASTM VDI/VDE MSL EMA Concluding Remarks 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Concluding Remarks Body Standard Usage Calibration Uncertainties Test Methods NMI High-end Industrial BIPM CCT-WG508-03   ● ○ IEC IEC 62492-1 ASTM E1256 E2758 E2847 VDI 3511 Part 4 3511 Part 4.2 3511 Part 4.3 3511 Part 4.4 MSL TG22 EMA Technical Guide… Radiation Thermometer Calibration ● Full applicability ○ Partial applicability 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL

Questions 7/31/12 Liebmann - NCSL