GENETIC DISEASES & DISORDERS ANNA WARD RIDGE ROAD MS

DO NOW… WRITE OUT EACH QUESTION…. 1.______________ is the process that occurs after transcription of the DNA into RNA and the message is read to create proteins. 2.What is the process by which DNA is read and a corresponding strand of RNA is created? a.Translation b.Transcription c.Replication d.Mutation 3.Write out the corresponding DNA code that would be created during replication of this strand: ATT CGA TTA CCA GTA CAT GTA

AGENDA FOR TODAY: Review of Mutations What is a mutation? Is it a good thing or a bad thing? Benefits to Mutations Disorders & Diseases associated with Genetic Mutations Three Levels Notes & Short Videos Group Assignments Disease Stations: Sickle Cell Anemia Huntington’s Disease Down’s Syndrome Klinefelter’s Syndrome

REVIEW FROM FRIDAY A mutation is any change in the DNA. The change can be beneficial, detrimental, or have no effect. In other words, the change can be Good or Bad. It may not have any affect The mutation may have a small or large effect. Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 MUTATIONS are not what we think of from Sci-Fi/Horror Movies!

BENEFICIAL MUTATIONS Beneficial Mutations: Provide Genetic Variation Allow species to Adapt to the Environment & Conditions Mutations are what have allowed the Earth to have the variety of life we have today Part of the “engine” of Evolution—(it’s what drives evolution) EXAMPLES: Mutations have allowed organisms to evolve from unicellular to multicellular organisms Development of the Human Thumb

MUTATIONS THAT CAUSE DISEASE Often a mutation can cause disease. Genetic Diseases can be classified in three ways.

TYPE 1 MUTATIONS Single-Gene Disorders Result when a mutation causes the protein product of a single gene to be altered or missing. Ex: Sickle Cell Anemia, Cystic Fibrosis, & Huntington’s Disease Can also be Sex-Linked. Males have a higher chance of getting the disease because they are not protected by a second X chromosomes. (No Carriers) Ex: Hemophilia, Baldness

TYPE 2 MUTATIONS Chromosomal Abnormalities Entire Chromosomes (or large segments of them) are missing, duplicated, or otherwise altered. Ex: Down’s Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome

TYPE 3 MUTATIONS Multifactorial Disorders Result from mutations in multiple genes, often coupled with environmental causes EXAMPLES: Colon Cancer, Breast/Ovarian Cancer, Alzheimer’s Before we head to our stations, lets watch a video about mutations that cause Ovarian & Breast Cancer:

CANCER: WHAT IS IT? Cancer is a genetic disorder that affects the cell cycle (how a cell divides) that is characterized by uncontrolled division of cells. cancer/

EXAMPLES OF CARCINOGENS A carcinogen is a cancer causing agent that speeds up the process of genetic mutations and the potential for developing cancer. Tobacco Smoke Ultraviolet Radiation from the sun Certain Chemicals Exposure to certain viruses such as HPV Other forms of radiation Other negative lifestyle choices (drug abuse, unhealthy diet) can also influence your body’s ability to fight off disease or develop cancer A very personal example from me…

STATIONS We will be visiting stations today that talk about some of the most well-known Genetic diseases. There are eight stations covering four different diseases. The class will be split into groups that cover the front wall and back wall. Each group has been assigned 2-3 members. You will read the short article provided and answer the questions posted at each station on your group activity sheet. This will be graded for participation. You will have approximately 8 minutes at each station. You will move to the station with the next number up. 1  2  3  4  1

3-2-1 EXIT TICKET You will need to complete this before you will be allowed to leave class. Three things you learned today Two things you are still confused about One thing you would like to know more about