Child, Family, School, and Community Socialization and Support 6 th ed. Chapter 9 ECOLOGY OF THE MASS MEDIA

UNDERSTANDING MASS MEDIA “Media” refers to a type of communication. Mass media are shapers and spreaders of culture.

MACROSYSTEM INFLUENCES ON MASS MEDIA Mass communication the U.S. characterized by private ownership and corporate profits.Mass communication the U.S. characterized by private ownership and corporate profits. Broadcast media in the U.S. are designed to attract audiences to whom to sell products, SO they convey messages that are likely to influence attitudes and behavior.Broadcast media in the U.S. are designed to attract audiences to whom to sell products, SO they convey messages that are likely to influence attitudes and behavior. Mass communication the U.S. characterized by private ownership and corporate profits.Mass communication the U.S. characterized by private ownership and corporate profits. Broadcast media in the U.S. are designed to attract audiences to whom to sell products, SO they convey messages that are likely to influence attitudes and behavior.Broadcast media in the U.S. are designed to attract audiences to whom to sell products, SO they convey messages that are likely to influence attitudes and behavior.

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES CONCERNS ABOUT TELEVISION AND MOVIES Effects other activities and relationships –Family rituals and interactions –Physical activity Effects the ability to distinguish between reality and fantasy Effects other activities and relationships –Family rituals and interactions –Physical activity Effects the ability to distinguish between reality and fantasy

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES CONCERNS ABOUT TELEVISION AND MOVIES (Cont’d) Effects imagination Effects the prevalence of violence Observational learningObservational learning Attitude changeAttitude change ArousalArousal Effects imagination Effects the prevalence of violence Observational learningObservational learning Attitude changeAttitude change ArousalArousal

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES CONCERNS ABOUT TELEVISION AND MOVIES (Cont’d) Effects of advertising children age 2 – 11 are exposed to between 20,000 and 40,000 television commercials annually. Effects of advertising children age 2 – 11 are exposed to between 20,000 and 40,000 television commercials annually.

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES PERPETUATION OF VALUES TV has presented children a set of “anti-values” (Dr. Isidore Ziferstein): Anti-interpersonal relations valuesAnti-interpersonal relations values Anti-cooperation valuesAnti-cooperation values Anti-democratic valuesAnti-democratic values TV has presented children a set of “anti-values” (Dr. Isidore Ziferstein): Anti-interpersonal relations valuesAnti-interpersonal relations values Anti-cooperation valuesAnti-cooperation values Anti-democratic valuesAnti-democratic values

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES PERPETUATION OF VALUES (Cont’d) Sexuality Young people are exposed to a constant flow of sexual images. Stereotypes oversimplified representations of members of a group Sexuality Young people are exposed to a constant flow of sexual images. Stereotypes oversimplified representations of members of a group

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES PERPETUATION OF VALUES (Cont’d) Effects on children’s reading and communication skills time spent in front of the TV has been responsible for the general decline in reading levels and test scores on standardized tests. Effects on children’s reading and communication skills time spent in front of the TV has been responsible for the general decline in reading levels and test scores on standardized tests.

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES PERPETUATION OF VALUES (Cont’d) Effects on academic achievement the content of television shows a significant impact on academic achievement (based on longitudinal study). Effects on academic achievement the content of television shows a significant impact on academic achievement (based on longitudinal study).

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES MEDIATING INFLUENCES ON SOCIALIZATION OUTCOMES Selective attention is crucial to learning because children’s perceptions and concepts of the world depend on which aspects get their attention. Selective attention is crucial to learning because children’s perceptions and concepts of the world depend on which aspects get their attention.

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES MEDIATING INFLUENCES ON SOCIALIZATION OUTCOMES Parents can mediate television viewing by: Controlling the number of hours of TV exposure.Controlling the number of hours of TV exposure. Checking ratings and evaluating programs.Checking ratings and evaluating programs. Viewing television with their children and discussing the programs.Viewing television with their children and discussing the programs. Arranging family activities other than television viewing.Arranging family activities other than television viewing. Parents can mediate television viewing by: Controlling the number of hours of TV exposure.Controlling the number of hours of TV exposure. Checking ratings and evaluating programs.Checking ratings and evaluating programs. Viewing television with their children and discussing the programs.Viewing television with their children and discussing the programs. Arranging family activities other than television viewing.Arranging family activities other than television viewing.

PICTORIAL MEDIA: TELEVISION AND MOVIES MESOSYSTEM INFLUENCES Community-media linkages –The Public Broadcasting System (PBS) –Cable and Satellite Television –Videocassette Recorders and DVD Players –Public Interest Groups School-media linkages Family-media linkages Community-media linkages –The Public Broadcasting System (PBS) –Cable and Satellite Television –Videocassette Recorders and DVD Players –Public Interest Groups School-media linkages Family-media linkages

PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS AND MAGAZINES passive involvement active participation Television And Radio Print Media

PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS AND MAGAZINES Books influence:  Language and Reading Development  Cognitive Development  Psychosocial Development Books influence:  Language and Reading Development  Cognitive Development  Psychosocial Development

PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS AND MAGAZINES (Cont’d) Reading books and magazines: enables socialization because it is written languageenables socialization because it is written language increases a child’s language and reading skillsincreases a child’s language and reading skills Reading books and magazines: enables socialization because it is written languageenables socialization because it is written language increases a child’s language and reading skillsincreases a child’s language and reading skills

PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS AND MAGAZINES (Cont’d) Books also: provide information and concepts, and vicarious experiences that stimulate the imaginationprovide information and concepts, and vicarious experiences that stimulate the imagination provide models for children, help children cope with and master problems, offer the opportunity to explore and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others, and to understand the realities of life.provide models for children, help children cope with and master problems, offer the opportunity to explore and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others, and to understand the realities of life. Books also: provide information and concepts, and vicarious experiences that stimulate the imaginationprovide information and concepts, and vicarious experiences that stimulate the imagination provide models for children, help children cope with and master problems, offer the opportunity to explore and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others, and to understand the realities of life.provide models for children, help children cope with and master problems, offer the opportunity to explore and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others, and to understand the realities of life.

PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS AND MAGAZINES CONCERNS ABOUT BOOKS AND MAGAZINES Fantasy and reality: lack of strong adult role models and present an unrealistic view of life.Fantasy and reality: lack of strong adult role models and present an unrealistic view of life. Violence: some stories can provide a mechanism for the release of strong feelings experienced by children.Violence: some stories can provide a mechanism for the release of strong feelings experienced by children. Stereotyping: traditionally perpetuates gender, minority groups, age groups, and individuals with disabilities stereotypes.Stereotyping: traditionally perpetuates gender, minority groups, age groups, and individuals with disabilities stereotypes. Fantasy and reality: lack of strong adult role models and present an unrealistic view of life.Fantasy and reality: lack of strong adult role models and present an unrealistic view of life. Violence: some stories can provide a mechanism for the release of strong feelings experienced by children.Violence: some stories can provide a mechanism for the release of strong feelings experienced by children. Stereotyping: traditionally perpetuates gender, minority groups, age groups, and individuals with disabilities stereotypes.Stereotyping: traditionally perpetuates gender, minority groups, age groups, and individuals with disabilities stereotypes.

PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS AND MAGAZINES BOOKS, SOCIALIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT LEVELS OF CHILDREN Developmental level of a child influences the socialization effect of books on that child. Pre-operational stage (about age 2 to 7): Children like folktales and stories that denote growth and the sequence of time. Developmental level of a child influences the socialization effect of books on that child. Pre-operational stage (about age 2 to 7): Children like folktales and stories that denote growth and the sequence of time.

PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS AND MAGAZINES BOOKS, SOCIALIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT LEVELS OF CHILDREN Developmental level of a child influences the socialization effect of books on that child. Concrete operational stage (age 7 to 11-15) Children’s enjoy a wide variety of books, including informational and biographical. Developmental level of a child influences the socialization effect of books on that child. Concrete operational stage (age 7 to 11-15) Children’s enjoy a wide variety of books, including informational and biographical.

PRINT MEDIA: BOOKS AND MAGAZINES BOOKS, SOCIALIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT LEVELS OF CHILDREN Developmental level of a child influences the socialization effect of books on that child. Formal operational stage (age 11 or 15): –children can hold several plots or subplots in their minds simultaneously and see interrelations among them –children can analyze and evaluate what they read in terms of different viewpoints Developmental level of a child influences the socialization effect of books on that child. Formal operational stage (age 11 or 15): –children can hold several plots or subplots in their minds simultaneously and see interrelations among them –children can analyze and evaluate what they read in terms of different viewpoints

SOUND MEDIA: POPULAR MUSIC What sets today’s popular music apart from television and books? it is an expression of the youth culture it alienates many adults it illustrates current social values BUT do songs reflect the values of a particular generation OR whether they influence that generation’s values? What sets today’s popular music apart from television and books? it is an expression of the youth culture it alienates many adults it illustrates current social values BUT do songs reflect the values of a particular generation OR whether they influence that generation’s values?

INTERACTIVE MEDIA AND MULTIMEDIA Effects of computers, the Internet, and video games on children’s socialization process is unclear Current concerns include: diminished social interactiondiminished social interaction computer gamescomputer games access to information without necessary critical skillsaccess to information without necessary critical skills access to information negating family valuesaccess to information negating family values Effects of computers, the Internet, and video games on children’s socialization process is unclear Current concerns include: diminished social interactiondiminished social interaction computer gamescomputer games access to information without necessary critical skillsaccess to information without necessary critical skills access to information negating family valuesaccess to information negating family values