9 th Grade Health First Aid

Thinking Questions Why do you think you or someone else might hesitate to help the victim? What are some consequences of helping the victim? (positive and negative) What are some consequences of not helping the victim (positive and negative) Imagine you are outside your house getting the mail, and a man you do not know collapses to the ground while taking his dog for a walk. First Aid

Good Samaritan Law Do you think the Good Samaritan Law is a good thing or not? Why? What is the Good Samaritan Law? A law protecting those who help the injured or ill from liability.

What is First Aid? The immediate care given to someone who becomes injured or ill until regular medical care can be provided. What is Consent? Permission given by a victim to someone willing to provide treatment. If the victim cannot respond, there is implied consent. What does Conscious mean? It is when a person is aware of his or her surroundings. What does Unconscious mean? It is when a person is unable to respond.

1. Check for Danger 2. Check for Response 3. Call Provide Care REMEMBER CHECK CALL CARE REMEMBER CHECK CALL CARE

Gloves Protect against blood born illnesses Must be removed properly Must be disposed of properly Breathing Barriers Have a 1 way valve Not always available

Pop Quiz What are the 4 C’s of First Aid? 1. Check for Danger 2. Check for Response 3. Call Provide Care

Laceration A cut in the skin that is usually deep enough to require stitches Abrasion A scrape or brush burn Puncture A hole in the skin caused by a sharp object

WARNING! The following slides are extremely graphic!

A large piece of glass is sticking out of your wrist

You sliced your finger open on a knife.

Your little brother slid down the stairs and has carpet burn on the back of his legs.

You have a long cut on your arm from the corner of a cabinet.

You fell off your bike and your elbow is bleeding from scraping the road.

Laceration Abrasion Puncture Treatment Laceration 1.Clean the wound with soap and water, or peroxide. 2.Use a clean cloth to apply pressure. 3.Use an antibiotic cream to prevent infection 4.Apply a sterile bandage Tightly. Abrasion 1.Clean the wound with soap and water or Peroxide 2.Use a clean cloth to apply Pressure 3.Use an Antibiotic cream to prevent infection 4.Apply a sterile bandage Loosely Puncture **If the wound is Deep or in a critical area, leave the foreign object in! Call 911 and Immobilize the object.** 1.For minor punctures, completely remove foreign objects 2.Use a clean cloth to apply pressure 3.Use an antibiotic cream to prevent Infection 4.Apply a sterile bandage

Treatment 1.Sit down 2.Tilt your head slightly Forward. (Leaning Back may cause blood to flow down the back of the throat, which tastes bad and may cause gagging, coughing or vomiting. 3.Gently Pinch your nose. Use your thumb and Index finger and breathe through your Mouth. Continue for about 5-10 minutes. To Prevent Rebleeding: Do not Bend Over or Blow Your Nose for several hours after bleeding stops. Nosebleeds

Sprain A stretch or tear of a ligament (connects bone to bone) Strain A stretch or tear of a tendon (connects bone to muscle)

Simple Fracture A broken bone that does not break through the skin Compound Fracture A broken bone that breaks through the tissue and skin

WARNING! The following slides are extremely graphic!

The RICE Method R:Rest I: Ice C: Compression E: Elevation

Sprains and Strains 1.Stop activity right away 2.Use the RICE method for the first 48 hours after the injury 3.Use supportive devices when returning to activity such as:  Tape  Braces  Ankle Savers *Monitor the injury for problems in the future Treatment for Fractures 1.Call Stabilize the victim until emergency care arrives 3.If you must move the victim because the situation Becomes Unsafe, immobilize the injury. *** Fractures Require Immediate Care

Burns

Burns: Defined Type of BurnDefinition 1 st Degree: Only the Epidermis, or outer layer of skin, is burned. The skin usually Red and swells with pain. 2 nd Degree: The Outer layer of skin is burned through and the 2nd layer (called the Dermis) becomes red and blotchy. If the burn is less than 2-3 inches in diameter, treat it as a Minor burn. If it is larger or on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, treat as a Major burn. 3 rd Degree: A major burn that involves all layers of the Skin, Tissue, Muscle or even Bone. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white.

Treatment for Minor Burns 1.Cool the burn. Immediately hold the burn under Cool Water until the pain subsides. Do not put Ice directly on the burn. 2.Cover the burn by wrapping it Loosely with Sterile Bandages. 3.Take OTC (Over The Counter) pain reliever. Treatment for Major Burns 1.Call 911 immediately! 2.Provide care by removing any smoldering or hot materials from the victim. 3.Do not immerse Major burns in Water. 4.Check for response and Begin CPR if necessary. 5.Wrap the burn with cool, moist, sterile bandages or moist towels. Burns: Treatment

Remember… The sun causes burns to skin and eyes too. Wear sunglasses, protective clothing and sunscreen to help prevent burns. Use Aloe to calm skin if you are burned. Overexposure to the sun can also cause Skin Cancer so protect yourself. Warm temperatures can also lead to heat illness.

DehydrationHeat ExhaustionHeat Stroke Thirst Dizziness Weight loss Feeling faint Nausea Heavy sweating Cool, moist skin Rapid heart beat Rapid, shallow breathing No sweating Confusion Unconsciousness Fainting

Treatment for Heat Exhaustion 1.Call 911 if fainting, confusion, seizures, or a fever above 102 ˚ F. 2.Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning. 3.Lay the victim down and Elevate legs and feet slightly after Loosening or removing their clothing if able. 4.Have the victim drink Cool Water, not a sports drink. Never give food or water to an unconscious victim! 5.Monitor the person carefully. Treatment for Heat Stroke 1.Call 911 immediately! 2.Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning. 3.Cool the person by covering them with damp Towels or spraying them with Cool Water. Use a fan or newspaper to Give them air. Animals can suffer from heat illness too! Give them plenty of water, a shady area to lay in and never leave them in a parked car.

Choking: When a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, stopping the flow of air. Heimlich Maneuver: An emergency technique used to dislodge an object, such as food, from the trachea (windpipe) of a choking person.

What are some things that would be easy for a young child to choke on? How can we prevent this type of emergency from happening?

First Aid for Choking 1.Assess the Situation Is the victim able to speak? Is the victim able to breathe? 2.Heimlich Maneuver 3.Stand Behind the victim, wrap arms around victim ’ s waist, and clasp your hands above victim ’ s navel but below ribcage. 4.Thrust Inward and Upward with enough force to pop loose the obstruction. 5.Repeat until obstruction is Removed or victim becomes Unconscious.

Stroke: When blood flow to the brain is interrupted because a blood vessel is blocked or breaks open.

Strokes can cause irreversible damage if not treated right away. You cannot provide this treatment, so it is critical that you recognize the symptoms and call 911 immediately. Label the following pictures with the acronym we use to remember the signs of a stroke. Slurring

You will watch two short Youtube movies that explain how to respond to two different critical care emergencies. Use the blank space on the back of your first aid manual to take notes on how to care for a victim in these situations. Notes can be taken in bulleted form and do not have to be in complete sentences.

Pop Quiz What are the 4 C’s of First Aid? 1. Check for Danger 2. Check for Response 3. Call Provide Care