More Than Fast, Reliable Fire Detection: Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Enables Fire Prevention and Fire Monitoring Speaker: Greg McElyea Americas Business Manager

AP Sensing Confidential Outline... Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

AP Sensing – Linear Heat Series Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Fiber-optic Sensor Cable for Temperature Sensing Linear Heat Series DTS Instrument 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Typical DTS System Setup 2 std. MM telecom fibers Typical DTS System Setup Stainless steel tube Stainless steel wires Metal Sensor Cable FRNC Outer Sheath FRNC Outer Sheath Metal-free Sensor Cable Polyamide Fibers PC = Personal Computer with DTS Configurator FP = Fire Panel or SCADA System UPS = Uninterruptable Power Supply or Battery Package DTS = Distributed Temperature Sensing instrument 2 std. MM telecom fibers 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

DTS Measurement Technology Zone concept enables different sections with different alarm criteria (sensitivity) Up to 256 zones per sensor cable - configurable… 3 different alarm types, 5 different criteria per zone - programmable… 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 Temperature [°C] Exeeding a maximum temperature > 60 ° C Distance [m] Exeeding the average temperature by > 15 > 15 avg. Temp > 13 increase within a certiain time > r 13 C / 40s 40s Alarm Time [s] 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

DTS Measurement Principle Measurement of temperature through the evaluation of the backscattered laser light components, stokes and anti-stokes Raman Stokes 70°C -40°C Raman Anti-Stokes Temperature-dependent lattice vibration DTS Instrument Laser Pulse Generator Detector Mirrors and Filters Control, Acquisition & Analysis Circuitry Location = 2 * tR * vL 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

DTS - System Characteristics Huge local coverage of up to 2x 8km length or 96,000m² area without blind spots Fast measurement time of 10s and short spatial resolution of 1m Quick and reliable alarming, virtually false-alarm free through 3 different, freely programmable alarm criteria and confirmation cycles in up to 256 zones Exact localization and size of any thermal event along the sensor cable Simple, lightweight, flexible, robust standard sensor cable, easy to install Passive sensor cable, usable indoor and outdoor, absolutely immune to humidity, dirt, dust, smoke, corrosion, electromagnetic fields or radiation The sensor has extremely long lifetime and is virtually maintenance-free Low laser power of only 17mW, class 1M laser is inherently eye-safe Fire certifications from VdS (A1 / A2 ~ 30 ft NFPA spacing), FM under way Certified for explosive environments ATEX zone 0, gas and dust 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Typical Applications Power Plants Parking Garages Storage Facilities Road- & Rail Tunnels Supply Tunnels Conveyor Belts Cable Trays False ceilings / floors / voids Production Halls Warehouses Cold Stores Floating Roof Tanks Transformator / Generators etc. DTS is especially well suited for Fire Prevention, Fire Detection and Fire Monitoring over long distances or large areas 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

AP Sensing Confidential Outline... Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Classification of “Linear Heat Detection” Systems Fire Detectors Point Detectors Linear detectors Smoke Heat Heat Smoke Smoke assp. Systems Ionisation Detectors Optical Detectors Maximum & Differential Pressure & Resistance Opacimeter Flame Detection D T S - Systems Multi-Point Systems LHD-Systems 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

System Comparison Measurement Range (maximum) 1500 m 300m 100m 2500m Digital Cable Analog Cable Pressurized Tube Multipoint System DTS System Measurement Range (maximum) 1500 m 300m 100m 2500m 2 x 8000m (AP Sensing) Local Discretization no 8m /fixed (smaller spacing leads to reduced monitoring range.) 1 to 3m adjustable VdS approved - ● Alarm Temperature Range limited Infinite Number of sensor data to detect incident (maximum) 1 312 2 x 8000 (continuous) Number of alarm criteria to detect incident 2 5 Inherently Safe Operation in Hazardous Area (Ex –Zone) Immune to Electromagnetic Interferences Individually Configurable Sensor Cables Precise Localisation of Fire Calculating Fire Size and Fire Spreading Fire Monitoring Capabilities * Maintenance Costs medium high low * Fire Monitoring Capabilities: System is capable to withstand temperatures up to 1000°C to provide crucial information about the development of the fire. 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

AP Sensing Confidential Outline... Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

AP Sensing Confidential Fire Prevention A fiber-optic linear temperature sensor can help to detect a potential fire in its early development phase Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potential fire sources Complete local coverage of long structures (like tunnels) or large areas (like big buildings) without “blind spots” Pin-point alarm with exact temperature and location information enables quick intervention before the outbreak of a potential fire 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Fire Prevention – Coal Conveyor Belts Example 1: Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plants Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially hot running rollers and smoldering fires Complete local coverage of long conveyor belts or a chain of multiple conveyor belts without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enables an early exchange of hot rollers or the extinction of smouldering fires caused e.g. by self-ignition of lignite dust Alarm temperature has to be set relative to different day and night environmental temperatures No way to detect fires with DTS on a fast moving belt (10…20ft/sec) ! 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Fire Prevention – Cable Trays and Power Cables Example 2: Cable Trays, Cable Tunnels, Power Cables... Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of cable trays, cable tunnels and power cables heating up under high current load Complete local coverage of long cable trays or cable tunnels without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enabling the decrease of electrical current, the exchange of bad joint and splices, etc. Local coverage can be increased by meandering the sensor cable The temperature difference and the temperature delay between conductor and outside of the cable has to be considered 1m – 1,5m 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Fire Prevention – Pipe and Tube Leakage Example 3: Leakage of Inflammable Liquids or Gases from Pipes and Tubes Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially leaking tubes and pipes, e.g. hydraulic oil Complete local coverage of long pipes and tubes without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enables an early sealing of the leak and removal of a potential fire load In case of a gas pipe leakage a cold spot occurs (Joule Thomson effect). Leakages in a liquid pipe are typically recognized by a hot spot. 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

3D Visualization with AP Sensing’s Asset viewer 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

AP Sensing Confidential Outline... Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Tunnel Fire Tests in Sweden, Norway, Switzerland 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Fire Monitoring - What does DTS Provide? Radiation Heat Point of Fire DTS provides: Precise localization of the fire (2-4m) Dynamic fire/smoke size assessment Dynamic fire/smoke spreading assessment Convection Heat Smoke A X DTS Real Time Data T Tunnel Wind A Low wind speed B B High wind speed Smoke Spreading X DTS Real Time Data DTS reliably detects and localizes radiation and convection heat even under unfavorable conditions like wind 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW) 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW) OK to enter area “HotFoam” suppression Fire Monitoring 6 minutes Alarm after 50 seconds 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

AP Sensing Confidential Fire Monitoring – Functional Integrity of the Sensor Cable During the Fire Is Key! Functional integrity tested and approved by IEC- standards Temperature 750°C Duration 2 hours Result passed The functional integrity over an extended period of time allows fire monitoring and provides crucial information about fire / smoke development. 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

DTS - System Advantages Huge local coverage without blind spots Exact localization and size of an event Quick and reliable alarming, safe against false-alarms Low maintenance cost, simple installation, long lifetime Passive sensor cable, insensitive to harsh environments, immune to interference No laser safety problems 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

AP Sensing Confidential Reference Examples 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

References from the Mine to the Grid … Mining Storage Power Plant Power Transmission Mining: Underground conveyer belt monitoring in ATEX Zone 0 (M1) / CH4 conditions Storage: smoldering fire detection and hot spot localization Power Plant: conveyer belts; storage facilities Power Transmission: Power Cable Monitoring & Fire Detection (buried, ducts, overhead lines) 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Germany: RAG – Conveyor Belt in Coal Mine 5 Conveyers in coal mine with up to 8km of sensing cable on one conveyor Zone 0 operation for instrument and sensor cable – Certification from Dekra/Exam Approval from German Government to run system even under CH4 alarm and fiber break conditions for the time until sensor cable is repaired. Further conveyers to be installed in the coming years 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Spain: La Medusa – Dockside Coal Storage Coal storage monitoring for smoldering fires Capacity of 100.000 tons of coal Fire on November 14th 2007, extinguishing took 4 days 3 sensor cable rings are embedded in the wall Dual ended configuration 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

Italy: ENEL – Brindisi – Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plant Smoldering fire detection underneath fully covered coal conveyor belts in coal power plant Total of 12.5km of sensor cable Fully integrated into SCADA system 2 controllers with 4 channels each Loop configuration to continue monitoring even in case of cable break. 19.04.2017 AP Sensing Confidential

AP Sensing Confidential 30 Thank you for your attention! Greg McElyea Americas Business Manager Office: 214-550-0677 Cell: 214-471-3460 Email: greg.mcelyea@apsensing.com AP Sensing Confidential 30 19.04.2017