The Laboratory Safety Standard 29CFR Presenter:Dawn Errede Phone: ©1999, Reagent of the University of Minnesota All Rights Reserved

o Hazardous Chemical Waste Management o Air Emissions Permits o Water Discharge Permits o Waste Treatment Permits u NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) q Radioactive Substances Potentially Applicable Regulations u EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

u DEA ( Drug Enforcement Agency) Potentially Applicable Regulations q Alcohol u ATF ( Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms) q Controlled Substances - Drugs

Potentially Applicable Regulations qHazard Communication (MERTKA) qLaboratory Safety Standard qBlood Borne Pathogens qFormaldehyde qRespiratory Protection u OSHA ( Occupational Safety and Health Administration )

OSHA Regulations for Laboratories MERTKA Lab Safety Stnd. Bloodborne Path. Chem. Spec. Acrylonitrile Arsenic Asbestos Benzene Cadmium Cytotoxic Drugs DBCP Ethylene Oxide Formaldehyde Lead Methylenedianiline Vinyl Chloride Human blood or body fluids Workers using chemicals in academic or research & development laboratories

Laboratory Safety Standard u Lab Standard, Located at: u Main provisions include: q Medical Consultation and Examination q Hazard Identification q Use of Respirators q Record Keeping q Employee Exposure Determination q Permissible Exposure Limits q Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) q Employee Information and Training

Medical Consultation & Exam Provided at no cost to employees when: u Employee develops signs or symptoms associated with a hazardous chemical exposure. u Exposure monitoring indicates exposures are routinely above the action level or permissible exposure limit. u Employee is exposed to chemicals during a spill or other accident.

Medical Consultation & Exam Employer provides physician with: u The identity of the chemical to which employee may have been exposed. u A description of the exposure conditions. u A description of the employee’s exposure symptoms.

Medical Consultation & Exam u Results of the exam and any tests. u Recommendations for any further medical follow-up. u Description of employee’s condition which may place the employee at increased risk in the work place. Physician provides employer with written:

u Statement that the employee has been informed of the points listed above. “Written opinion shall not reveal specific findings of diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure.” Medical Consultation & Exam Physician provides employer with written:

Hazard Identification u Ensure that labels on incoming chemicals are not removed or defaced. u Maintain incoming Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). u Ensure MSDSs are accessible to employees. u Provide appropriate training on the hazards of chemicals developed in the laboratory. u Write and provide MSDSs to outside users of chemicals developed in the laboratory.

Use of Respirators Respirators are not usually required or recommended for laboratory work. However, if respirators are necessary: u Users must comply with the requirements of the Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR ).

q Employee’s medical examination. q Employee’s fit test and personal respirator. q Employee’s training on use and maintenance of respirator. NEVER use someone else’s respirator!! Use of Respirators u Employer pays for:

Record keeping Employer must keep records of: u Exposure monitoring results; u Medical consultations and examinations including tests or written opinions. u Employee training. Employer must ensure records are kept, transferred and made available in accordance with 29 CFR

Employee Exposure Determination u Required initially if there is reason to believe that exposure levels routinely exceed the action level (or Permissible Exposure Limit) for a given compound. u Required periodically, if initial monitoring results indicate exposures are above action levels or PELs. u Employees must be notified of monitoring results within 15 working days.

Exposure Determination

Permissible Exposure Limits u PELs are air concentration limits for OSHA- regulated substances. u The current PELs (which were adopted in 1970) are enforceable by law. u TLVs (Threshold Limit Values) are guideline limits that are updated annually as new toxicity information is developed. u The PEL/TLV numbers are located in the generic Chemical Hygiene Plan’s Appendix B. (

PEL/TLV (Generic CHP - Appendix B)

Monitoring vs. Limits Example u Previous chloroform monitoring graph shows exposures peaking at ppm; u PEL is a ceiling limit of 50 ppm; TLV is an 8-hour average limit of 10 ppm; u Odor detection level is between ppm; u IDLH level is 500 ppm. u Therefore: q chloroform cannot be detected until concentrations are well above PEL/TLV q always pour in a fume hood to keep exposures below PEL/TLV.

Cancer Measures (Generic CHP - Appendix B) Compound IARC EPA NTP OSHATLV Chloroform 2BB A2 Definitions: IARCInternational Agency for Research on Cancer EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency NTPNational Toxicology Program OSHAOccupational Safety & Health Administration TLVThreshold Limit Values

Developmental/Reproductive Effects (Generic CHP - Appendix B) CompoundMREPFREPDTOX Chloroform Ethylene Glycol X X Monomethyl ether Ethylene Oxide X Lead X X X Definitions: MREPMale Reproductive Toxin FREPFemale Reproductive Toxin DTOXDevelopmental Toxin

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Diamond

(NFPA) Ratings Fire Hazard (Flash point F/p, Boiling point) Fire Hazard (Flash point F/p, Boiling point) 4 F/p< 73 deg. F and B/p < 100 deg.F 4 F/p< 73 deg. F and B/p < 100 deg.F 3 F/p > 73 deg. F and B/p 73 deg. F and B/p <100 deg.F F. < F/p < 200F F. < F/p < 200F 1 F/p Above 200 F 1 F/p Above 200 F 0 will not burn 0 will not burn Health Hazard 4 Deadly 3 Extreme Danger 2 Hazardous 1 Slightly Hazardous 0 Normal Material Reactivity Instability Hazards 4May Detonate 3Shock & Heat Sensitive, May Detonate 2Violent Chemical Change 1Unstable If Heated 0 Normally Stable

NFPA Ratings (Generic CHP-Appendix B) CompoundHealth Fire Reactivity Chloroform Health= 2Short/intense exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury Fire= 0Material will not burn Reactivity= 0Material is normally stable even under fire condition Specific HazardNone

Oral Rat LD 50 Oral Rat LD 50 (Generic CHP-Appendix B) LD 50 Lethal Dose 50% - the dose which kills 50% of a group of test animals < 500 mg/kg High mg/kg Moderate 7,500-15,000 mg/kg Low > 15,000 mg/kg Non-toxic LD 50 Toxicity

Compound Oral Rat LD 50 <500mg/Kg Chloroform No, LD 50 = 950mg/kg EthanolNo, 7,060 mg/kg StrychnineYes, LD 50 = 2.4 mg/kg Oral Rat LD 50 Oral Rat LD 50 (Generic CHP-Appendix B)

Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) u U of MN’s generic plan is located at u Department’s Laboratory Safety Officer (LSO) tailors the generic CHP for their area. u Purpose is to: q Protect employees. q Maintain exposure below PELs. u Tailored CHP must be available to employees. u LSO reviews & evaluates CHP annually & updates as necessary.

CHP Components u Criteria for control measures. u Fume hoods and other safety equipment. u Medical consultation and examinations. u Responsible personnel. u Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs): q General. q Laboratory-specific. q Hazardous. u Employee information and training

Criteria for Control Measures CHP describes when researchers should use: u Engineering controls (fume hoods, glove boxes, safety shields, etc.). u Personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, lab coats, etc.). u Chemical hygiene practices (environmental sampling, hand washing, etc.).

Safety Equipment u DEHS measures fume hood face velocity annually. u FM checks showers and eyewashes annually; u outside contractor checks fire extinguishers annually. u Users are required to check: q Fume hoods before each use. q Eyewashes weekly; and q Other safety equipment as needed. Safety equipment must be checked for proper function.

Medical Consultation and/or Examination Provided at employer’s expense if employee: u shows signs/symptoms of exposure; u is routinely exposed above exposure limits; u is exposed during a spill or other accident. Complete Incident Report Form ????????????????

CHP Responsible Personnel u Administrative Unit Supervisor (dean, department head). u Chemical Hygiene Officer(s) (Laboratory Safety Officers). u Laboratory Supervisor / project director. u Laboratory Worker.

Standard Operating Procedures u General SOPs- Prudent Practices text q accessible though DEHS web site (CHP App. D) q working with chemicals q working with laboratory equipment u Written Laboratory-Specific SOPs q developed by each PI for protocols in PI’s lab. q identify hazards of protocol q describe safety measures to mitigate hazards

Example of Lab-Specific SOP “Cook-Book” style u Make 10X MOPS gel buffer q 46.26g MOPS sodium salt, 6.8g sodium acetate, 1.86g EDTA disodium salt q add glacial acetic acid to a pH of 7.0 q bring volume to 1 L and autoclave q store at room temp. on long shelves u Turn on heat block to 65 o C u Prepare the gel u Pour the gel inside the fume hood!! Agarose-Formaldehyde RNA Gel

Lab-Specific SOPs Other styles u Add safety tips by word-processing or hand-modifying existing SOPS. u Add a hazard information cover-sheet ( ( u Reference articles in the literature; or u Use the laboratory notebook. Which ever method you chose, be sure to incorporate safety measures!!

More Hazardous SOPs May involve compounds such as: u Poisonous gases. u Shock-sensitive chemicals. u Pyrophoric chemicals. u Peroxide-forming chemicals. u Carcinogens, reproductive toxins or highly toxic chemicals. See Tables 1-5 of the generic CHP for examples of these compounds.

More Hazardous SOPs u Prior review/approval of technicians who may perform the protocol; and/or u Additional protective measures such as: q designated use area; q containment devices; q waste removal precautions; and/or q decontamination procedures. For more hazardous protocols, Principal Investigators (PIs) should consider requiring:

Information and Training u Objectives are to: q Inform employees about chemical hazards in their work area; and q Ensure they will work safely in the laboratory. u Timing: q At initial hire; q Prior to new assignments; and q At refresher intervals.

Required Information Topics u Laboratory Safety Standard & appendices; u Location and availability of CHP; u PELs and TLVs; u Signs and symptoms of exposure to chemicals in the workplace; and u Location and availability of reference materials on chemical hazards and safe handling, storage and disposal procedures.

Required Training Topics u Methods to detect chemicals in the work area; u Physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area; u Protective measures; u Applicable details of CHP

Update Training u laboratory audit sheet available at u audio/visual material material list available at u Document the date, the safety content of the meetings and who participates; u Maintain this documentation!! Use regular laboratory audit findings & pertinent A/V material as the basis for update training.

Update Training The audit sheet will prompt you to check: u the function and accessibility of safety equipment; u general house-keeping in the laboratory; u chemical storage procedures; u waste handling procedures; u condition of laboratory research equipment; u paperwork (CHP, SOPs, training documents, etc.) Try the virtual lab-audit that follows!!

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