US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG ® Compressed Earth Technology Douglas S. Applegate, P.E. Project Manager Contingency Standards Branch Middle East District 9 August 2014

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Problem Statement  Populations from 20 to 60 personnel  Non-permissive environment  Sites are continuously occupied  Minimal to no Heavy Equipment use during construction  Access ► Small 4x4 vehicles due to location or security ► Helicopters possible 6000#/lift ► Donkeys, carts, etc ► Foot  Utilities ► None ► Minimize petroleum use ► Minimize electrical use ► No WWTP ► Water imported 2

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Requirements Amplification  Site Features ► Entire site to be gravel pavement ► Parking for 6 vehicles (20 man) ► Exterior wall 3m high ► 30m x30m nominal size ► man population 3  Utilities ► Water (two options) No well  Bladder 80L/person truck filled Well (optional) future  2 GPM 24VDC pump  Hand pump ► Sewage collection No requirement ► Power 30 kW Genset x2 Solar Wind LED Lighting Electric water heaters (14.4 kW) ► Heat Wood Electric (heat and cooking) LP (cooking)

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Requirements Amplification  ADMIN/OPS ► 30 pers 480 sf ► Minimum span 2m ► Weapon storage 64 sf ► Ballistic protected  Barracks 60 pers ► 40 pers open bay ► 14 two man rooms ► 6 one man rooms ► Wood heat  Latrine ► DC rated wall heaters  Hygiene area (enclosed) ablution ► 10 pers160 sf ► Gravity water w/spigots  Outdoor covered/fenced storage 400 sf ► Pole barn 4 m height minimum 2m span  Fuel point ► 50 gal drum w hand pump ► 2m high wall w locking gate  DFAC ► 20 pers per meal shift ► Wood fuel heat ► Indoor food prep 180 sf AC electricity Tankless electric WHs 14.4kW Two LP fuel grills (turkey fryer) ► Outdoor food prep Two wood fuel grills Three walls and roof  Guard House ► 2 pers 100 sf ► Crew served weapons ports ► Ballistic protected ► One at each corner of perimeter wall  ECP Guard House ► 2 pers 100 sf ► Crew served weapons ports ► Ballistic protected 4

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Proposed Goals of TAM Solution Set Proposed Goals of TAM Solution Set  Site features ► Structures contain no removable or useful pilferable materials ► No gravel on site due to weight and IED concerns ► Scalable based on population  Structures ► Minimal skilled labor for construction ► Minimal imported materials ► Minimize footprint ► Walls are hardened earth ► Roofs are metal trusses ► Ballistic protection provided ► Minimize weight to be transported ► All materials donkey transportable  Utilities ► All are man portable and removable ► Minimize petroleum use ► Minimize electrical load ► Water bladders ► Minimize sewage collection 5

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Compressed Earth Blocks  Blocks manufactured on site with local labor (if available)  Imported materials ► Cement ► Rebar ► Machines ► Fuel ► Water ► Roof System 6

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/20147 Compressed Earth Blocks

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/20148 Rammed Earth

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/20149 Rammed Earth

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Proposed Design Options  Exterior walls ► Constructed of masonry Compressed Earth Blocks Rammed earth ► Ballistic Protection RPG net ► Utilities Electricity - solar or wind Heat – wood Cooking – wood Lighting – LED Water – gravity fed, wood heated Black and gray water – cess pool 10

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 This stove weighs 35 pounds including the collapsible pipe This stove weighs 42 pounds and has an water tank available The Past 11 This stove weighs 38 pounds and has an water tank available This device increase the heat output of the stove and attaches to the flue pipe.

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 This system weighs 125 pounds, stores 1250 Whrs and includes USB, DC 12V, AC inverter power. The Future 12 This system weighs 34 pounds, generates up to 1600W and fits on a 1.5 inch pipe This system weighs 16 pounds This light weighs 1.4 pounds and can charge other devices This armor is a kevlar net with cubes of metal attached. It has been combat proven to defeat RPG’s.

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Items in Common  Lighting 13 This light weighs 1.4 pounds and can charge other devices

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Items in Common  RPG Q-Net 14 This armor is a kevlar net with cubes of metal attached. It has been combat proven to defeat RPG’s.

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Relative Construction Durations  Twenty person camp – Hours per facility based on 5 person crew 15 FacilityWall Area SF CEB Hours RE Hours Roof SF Joists Hours Admin Barracks DFAC Guard Perimeter  CEB – Compressed Earth Block90 sf/hour  RE – Rammed Earth120 sf/hour CEB rate does not included production of blocks. Block production is nominally 200/hour. Surface area is 0.38 sf/block Approximately 3 block per sf

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/2014 Parametric Cost Estimate  Twenty person camp - CEB 16

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/201417

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/ Man Camp

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/ Man Camp

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/ Man Camp

BUILDING STRONG ® 1/27/ Man Camp