DIFFERENT THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES - II DR. SYED MERAJ AHMED ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this session the student should be able to: Differentiate between pharmacological and non pharmacological therapies. Define complementary alternative medicine (CAM) including homeopathy herbal medicine & spiritual therapy and discuss its clinical implications Discuss the role of diet, nutrition and lifestyle changes in management of diseases.

Pharmacological therapies In general terms, pharmacology is the science of drug action on biological systems. Pharmacological therapy is medical care that involves the use of medications, either alone or in combination with other types of therapy. It is based on the principles of how the human body affects individual drugs, how drugs affect the body, and how drugs interact with each other.

Non pharmacological therapies Therapy that does not include medications is called non-pharmacological therapy. This can include lifestyle changes, such as diet, exercise, and control of smoking and drinking alcohol. Others include the use of patient education, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), relaxation, and music.

Non pharmacological therapies that may contribute to effective analgesia in palliative care settings Patient education TENS Magnet therapy AcupunctureReflexology Reiki

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

HOMEOPATHY A medical philosophy and practice based on the idea that the body has the ability to heal itself. The Law of Similar: States that whatever would cause your symptoms, will also cure those same symptoms. Based on three laws The Law of Infinitesimals: Improve the effect of 'like-cures-like treatments' by repeatedly diluting them in water. The Law of Succussion: The vigorous shaking of a homeopathic remedy would further increase its potency.

Homeopathic remedies are derived from substances that come from plants, minerals, or animals, such as red onion, arnica (mountain herb), crushed whole bees, white arsenic, poison ivy, belladonna (deadly nightshade), and stinging nettle. Homeopathic remedies are often formulated as sugar pellets to be placed under the tongue; they may also be in other forms, such as ointments, gels, drops, creams, and tablets. Treatments are “individualized” or tailored to each person—it is not uncommon for different people with the same condition to receive different treatments.

HERBAL MEDICINE What is herbal medicine? Herbal medicine -- also called botanical medicine or phytomedicine -- refers to using a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal uses for plants as early as 3,000 BC. Indigenous cultures (such as African and Native American) used herbs in their healing rituals, while others developed traditional medical systems (such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine) in which herbal therapies were used. The World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines for some part of their primary health care. In Germany, about plant based medicines are available and are prescribed by some 70% of German physicians.

How do herbs work? In many cases, scientists aren’t sure what specific ingredient in a particular herb works to treat a condition or illness. Whole herbs contain many ingredients, and they may work together to produce a beneficial effect. What is herbal medicine good for? Herbal medicine is used to treat many conditions, such as asthma, eczema, premenstrual syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, menopausal symptoms, chronic fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancer, among others.

SPIRITUAL THERAPY What is Spiritual Therapy? Spiritual therapy is a method of intentionally exploring problems and conflicts from a spiritual perspective. It is a way to explore your own spiritual beliefs, ideas, values and conflicts in a safe and non-judgmental environment.

Who is Spiritual Therapy appropriate for? Spiritual Therapy is appropriate for anyone who wants to explore the health benefits of spiritual or religious beliefs, ideas and/or values into their therapy sessions. How does Spiritual Therapy help? Broaden your understanding of yourself Tap into internal resources/strengths you didn’t know you had. Learn to trust yourself Decrease anxiety, depression and loneliness Increase self-esteem and self-motivation Strengthen your relationships Find purpose in your life

Use of Complementary and Alternative medicine worldwide About 80% of the people in Africa use traditional medicine. In France, 75% of the population has used complementary medicine at least once. In Germany, 77% of pain clinics provide acupuncture In the United Kingdom, expenditure on complementary or alternative medicine stands at US$ 2300 million per year. The global market for traditional therapies stands at US$ 60 billion a year and is steadily growing.

The WHO TM/CAM strategy aims to assist countries to:  Develop national policies on the evaluation and regulation of TM/CAM practices;  Create a stronger evidence base on the safety, efficacy and quality of the TM/CAM products and practices;  Ensure availability and affordability of TM/CAM, including essential herbal medicines;  Promote therapeutically sound use of TM/CAM by providers and consumers.

Dietary recommendation for better health

Prevention primarily facilitated through an active lifestyle, proper diet and nutrition

A guide to usage of nutrients on a daily basis to maintain good health and immunity

An assessment of nutritional requirement in obesity associated disorders TLC – Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Guidelines to diagnose Metabolic Syndrome