Flowers and Fruits

Flower anatomy

Flower anatomy Sepals Peduncle Green leaves that protect the flower before it opens Peduncle stem

Flower anatomy Petals Calyx Colorful leaf-like structures Attract animals and insects Calyx All sepals fused together

Flower anatomy Male: Stamen Filament Anther Pollen Stalk-like structure that hold up anther Anther Sack-like structure that holds pollen Pollen Contains reproductive cells

Flower anatomy Female: Pistil Stigma Style Ovary Ovule Sticky part of pistil Receives pollen Style Rod that holds up stigma Ovary Holds eggs Ovule Reproductive cell (eggs) that become seeds once fertilized

Types of Flowers Perfect flower Imperfect flower Complete flower Contains male and female parts Imperfect flower Contains only male or only female parts Complete flower Contain sepals, petals, pistil, and stamen Incomplete flower Missing either sepals, petals, pistil, or stamen Imperfect flowers are always incomplete Incomplete flowers are not always imperfect

Pollination and fertilization Sexual reproduction in plants Stamen releases pollen Pollen is carried to a stigma Does it have to be a different plant’s stigma? Can it be? How does it get there? Pollination occurs when the pollen reaches a stigma

Pollination and fertilization Pollen moves down the style depositing sperm into the ovary Fertilization occurs when that sperm reaches an ovule inside the ovary Once fertilized eggs become seeds and the ovary will swell and become fruit

Types of Fruits How can fruit be different? Name some different fruits What is the purpose of a fruit?

Types of Fruits It is the fertilized ovary of a plant that grows to produce and protect seed. Once fertilization occurs, the flower is no longer needed and dries up. Seed are formed within fruit. Fruit must be sufficiently mature for the seed to be viable.

Types of Fruits Good fruit formation is essential for farmers and other producers Why? The fruit that is often the most valuable product of a plant

Types of Fruits Fleshy fruit Fibrous structure that surrounds the seed Pome Several seeds Drupe Single seed

Types of Fruits Dry fruit Formed in a pod or hull Caryopsis Samara Pod Thin wall Samara Wings attached Pod Definite seam Hull No seam

Seeds Container of new life Good pollination is essential to creating lots of new seeds

seeds What is their purpose? Human uses Reproduce plants Protect embryo Provide food for new plant to grow Human uses Food production

seeds Corn, soybeans, and wheat Grapes, oranges, and watermelons We want lots of seed from these plants Most valuable part of the plant Grapes, oranges, and watermelons We want few seeds from these plants The fruit without seeds is more valuable

seeds Seed structure Monocots vs. Dicots External Internal Protect and nourish internal parts Internal Embryo and food supply Monocots vs. Dicots Very similar Significant differences

Dicots External Seed coat Hilum Micropyle Hold seed together Protection Hilum Seed scar Attachment to fruit Micropyle Tiny opening Pollen entered this opening

seeds Internal Cotyledons Radicle Hypocotyl Epicotyl Plumule Fleshy parts that contain food Radicle Forms root Hypocotyl Connects cotyledons to radicle Epicotyl Forms stem Plumule Above ground part of plant

monocot External Seed coat Seed scar Silk scar Protects and shapes seed Seed scar Attachment point Silk scar Point that silk was attached to ovule

seeds Internal Endosperm Radicle Hypocotyl Epicotyl Cotyledon Plumule Stored food Radicle Forms root Hypocotyl Connects radicle to food Epicotyl Forms stem Cotyledon Absorbs food and moves it to cotyledon Plumule Develops leaves and stem