Interoperability, International Standards, & ISO TC 211 David Danko ddanko@esri.com

Interoperability ... As defined by ISO TC 211 the ability to find information and processing tools, when they are needed, no matter where they are physically located the ability to understand and employ the discovered information and tools, no matter what platform supports them, whether local or remote the ability to participate in a healthy marketplace, where goods and services are responsive to the needs of consumers

The Need for Interoperability Geographic analysis Multiple sources, multiple organizations Distributed within a community GIS is unique in merging diverse information Enterprise GIS GIS evolving beyond isolated communities GIS merging with broader IT infrastructures Web Services Enabled by distributed networks E-Government Within government (G2G) Between citizens and government (G2C) Between business and government (B2G) Spatial Data Infrastructures

Interoperability Enablers Infrastructure Metadata Authorization Business Agreements/MOUs Copyright Pricing/commerce/ Business Model Compatible Technology Security Privacy Information Assurance Certification Quality Standards Interoperability defined by ISO TC 211 is defined as: ability to find information and processing tools, when they are needed, no matter where they are physically located the ability to understand and employ the discovered information and tools, no matter what platform supports them, whether local or remote the ability to participate in a healthy marketplace, where goods and services are responsive to the needs of consumers

Standards Documented agreements: As defined by ISO http://www.iso.ch Documented agreements: Technical specifications or precise criteria Rules, guidelines, definitions of characteristics Ensuring materials, products, processes and services are fit for purpose Reference documents used in public contracts or international trade Indisputable reference clarifying the contractual relations between economic partners Promote competition, commerce and free trade

Standards & Specifications Make things work – affect every aspect of life Widespread use of Standards Make things work around the world Increase efficiency - globally Enable global interoperability Make things work – affect every aspect of life Electrical outlets (North America) Credit Cards – ATM (ISO standard size) CD players Safety glass – automobile windshields Drinking water Through widespread use of Standards ATMs Thai environmental data works in a US global model Disaster relief is more efficient International standards enable the GSDI

International Organization for Standardization ISO from Greek ISOS meaning “equal” Founded in 1947 146 member nations 1 member per country (represented through national standards organization – ANSI, DIN, SABS, etc) 13700 standards, 3000 technical bodies, 30000 experts NGO – unlike UN Delegates not national governments May be mandated by government Roots in private sector and industry associations Able to bridge the gap Consensus solutions meeting requirements of business and broader needs of society South African Bureau of Standards Deutsches Institut für Normung

Benefits of ISO Standards (1) Business Wide acceptance of products and services Free to compete in broader market Government Provides technical and scientific underpinnings for health, safety, environmental legislation Consumers Conformance of products and services provide assurance about quality, safety, & reliability

Benefits of ISO Standards (2) Trade Remove technical trade barriers Support political trade agreements Planet Standards for air, water, soil, emissions contribute toward environment Everyone Contribute to quality of life ensuring transport, machinery and tools are safe

Hallmark of ISO Brand Equal footing Voluntary Market driven Consensus Every ISO member institution has right to take part 1 nation –1 vote regardless of size or economic strength Voluntary ISO has no legal authority Adopted by nations – health, safety, etc Market driven Developed by experts from industry, technical, business, government, academic Consensus Ensures widespread applicability Remain current

ISO Committees and the Geographic Community ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 24 Computer graphics and image processing ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 Data Management and Interchange ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35 User interfaces ISO/TC 20 /SC 13 Space data and information transfer systems ISO/TC 23/SC 19 Agricultural electronics ISO/TC 46/WG 2 - Coding of country names and related entities ISO/TC 82 Mining ISO/TC 130 Graphic Technology ISO/TC 204 Transport Information and Control Systems (WG3 GDF) ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics

ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics … building the foundation of the geospatial infrastructure, brick by brick ...

Some Objectives ... Increase the understanding and usage of geographic information Increase the availability, access, integration, and sharing of geographic information Promote the efficient, effective, and economic use of digital geographic information and associated hardware and software systems Contribute to a unified approach to addressing global ecological and humanitarian problems

Scope of ISO/TC 211 Standardization in the field of digital geographic information. This work aims to establish a structured set of standards for information concerning objects or phenomena that are directly or indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth. These standards may specify, for geographic information, methods, tools and services for data management (including definition and description), acquiring, processing, analyzing, accessing, presenting and transferring such data in digital/electronic form between different users, systems and locations. This work shall link to appropriate standards for information technology and data where possible, and provide a framework for the development of sector-specific applications using geographic data.

Who Are We ? ...Member List Active Members (P-members), 29 Countries Australia Austria Belgium Canada China Czech Rep. Denmark Finland Germany Hungary Italy Japan Republic of Korea Malaysia Morocco New Zealand Norway Portugal Russian Federation Saudi Arabia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States of America Yugoslavia

Member List Observing Members 27 (20 O-members, 4 Corresponding Members) Argentina Bahrain (corr.) Brunei Darussalam (corr.) Colombia Cuba Estonia (corr.) France Greece Hong Kong (corr.) Iceland India Isl. Rep. of Iran Ireland Jamaica Kenya Mauritius Netherlands Oman Pakistan Philippines Poland Slovakia Slovenia Tanzania Ukraine Uruguay Zimbabwe

External Liaisons, 1 of 2 CEOS, Committee on Earth Observation Satellites DGIWG, Digital Geographic Information Working Group EPSG, European Petroleum Survey Group FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FIG, International Federation of Surveyors GSDI, Global Spatial Data Infrastructure IAG, International Association of Geodesy ICA, International Cartographic Association ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IHB, International Hydrographic Bureau ISCGM, International Steering Committee for Global Mapping ISPRS, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

External Liaisons, 2 of 2 JRC, Joint Research Centre, European Commission OGC, Open GIS Consortium, Incorporated PCGIAP, The Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific PC IDEA, Permanent Committee on Spatial Data Infrastructure for the Americas SCAR, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research UN Economic Commission for Europe, Statistical Division UNGIWG, United Nations Geographic Information Working Group WMO, World Meteorological Organization UNGEGN, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names CEN/TC 287, Geographic information

ISO/TC 211 Statistics More than 500 persons involved since start WG 1 – approx. 80 persons WG 2 - approx. 55 persons WG 3 - approx. 115 persons WG 4 - approx. 60 persons WG 5 - approx. 55 persons Other projects: 90 persons 400 have attended one or more plenaries 16 plenary meetings have been convened in 13 different countries NB! Figures are approximate and vary over time

ISO/TC 211 Organization Geospatial services Imagery Chairman Olaf Østensen Secretary Bjørnhild Sæterøy Norway AG WSI AG Strategy AG Outreach TMG MHT TF 211/204 WG 4 Morten Borrebæk Norway WG 6 Douglas O’Brien Canada WG 7 Antony Cooper South Africa WG 8 John Rowley UK WG 9 Hiroshi Imai Japan Geospatial services Imagery Information communities Location based services Information management

ISO TC 211 Program of Work Standards Access, technology Content (data) ISO 6709:1983, Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations ISO 19101 - Reference model ISO 19102 – Overview - deleted ISO/TS 19103 - Conceptual schema language ISO 19104 - Terminology ISO 19105 - Conformance and testing ISO 19106 - Profiles ISO 19107 - Spatial schema ISO 19108 - Temporal schema ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology ISO 19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers ISO 19113 - Quality principles ISO 19114 - Quality evaluation procedures ISO 19115 - Metadata ISO 19116 - Positioning services ISO 19117 – Portrayal ISO 19118 - Encoding ISO 19119 - Services ISO/TR 19120 - Functional standards + new rev ISO/TR 19121 Imagery and gridded data ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification of personnel ISO 19123 - Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO/RS 19124 - Imagery and gridded data components ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – Part 1-3 ISO 19126 - Profile - FACC Data Dictionary ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters ISO 19128 - Web Map Server Interface ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and gridded data ISO 19131 - Data product specification ISO 19132 - Location based services possible standards ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigation ISO 19134 - Multimodal location based services for routing and navigation ISO 19135 - Procedures for registration of geographic information items ISO 19136 – Geography Markup Language (GML) ISO 19137 - Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and of similar important other schemas ISO 19138 - Data Quality Measures ISO 19139 - Metadata - Implementation Specification ISO 19140 - Technical amendment to the ISO 191** Geographic information series of standards for harmonization and enhancements Organization Content (data) Access, technology Education Standards ISO TC 211 Program of Work

Old ISO/TC 211 Organization Building the Basics WG 1 Norman Andersen USA WG 2 Antony Cooper South Africa WG 3 Robert Walker UK WG 4 Morten Borrebæk Norway WG 5 Doug O’Brien Canada Framework and reference model Geospatial models and operators Geospatial data administration Geospatial services Profiles and functional standards

The Foundation Framework/standards infrastructure Locate, understand basic architecture ISO 19101 service architecture ISO 19119 Locate, understand Metadata ISO 19113, 14, 15 Basic structure Spatial, temporal schemas, CRS definition ISO 19107-9, 11 Access Simple feature access, ISO 19125 Data content descriptions ISO 19103, 19109, 19110, etc

Completed Standards The Building Blocks ISO 19101:2002 - Reference model ISO 19105:2000- Conformance and testing ISO 19107:2003 - Spatial schema ISO 19108:2003 - Temporal schema ISO 19111:2003 - Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19113:2002 - Quality principles ISO 19114:2003 - Quality evaluation procedures ISO 19115:2003 - Metadata And several technical reports

Draft International Standards ISO 19104 - Terminology ISO 19106 - Profiles ISO 19109 - Rules for application schema ISO 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology ISO 19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers ISO 19116 - Positioning services ISO 19117 - Portrayal ISO 19118 - Encoding ISO 19119 - Services ISO 19125 - Simple feature access – Part 1-2 The mortar

The Challenge for ISO/TC 211... ... to retain a strong foothold in infrastructure requirements, while being flexible in responding to emerging needs ... location based services GSDI infrastructure requirements information communities .... enterprise systems eGovernment eCommerce ....

WG 4 - Geospatial Services Morten Borrebæk Norway ISO 19128 – Web map server interface ISO 19136 - Geography Markup Language (GML)

WG 6 - Imagery WG 6 Douglas O’Brien Canada ISO 19129 - Imagery, gridded and coverage data framework ISO 19130 - Sensor and data model for imagery and gridded data ISO 19115-2 Extensions for imagery and gridded data

WG 7 – Information Communities Antony Cooper South Africa ISO/TR 19120 AMD. 1 - Functional standard - Amendment 1 ISO/TR 19122 - Qualifications and certification of personnel ISO 19126 - Profile - FACC data dictionary ISO 19137 – Generally used profiles of the spatial schema and of similar important other schemas ISO 19139 - Metadata - Implementation Specification

WG 8 – Location Based Services John Rowley UK ISO 19132 - Location based services possible standards ISO 19133 - Location based services tracking and navigation ISO 19134 – Multi-modal location based services for routing and navigation

WG 9 – Information Management Hiroshi Imai Japan ISO 19127 - Geodetic codes and parameters ISO 19131 - Data product specifications ISO 19135 - Procedures for registration of geographical information items ISO 19138 – Data quality measures ISO 6709 - Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations

Geographic Information Standards ISO 19100 suite of standards Maturing Providing the basics Adopted by nations Implementation by industry ISO TC 211 Organizing for the future Addressing broader community issues Maintaining leadership role