The Rock Cycle Types of Rocks Forces that change rocks Weathering Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Geology Part II The Rock Cycle Rocks: Geologic Profiles Geologic Time
Advertisements

Elements in Earth Science
Chapter 8: Rocks and Minerals
Chapter 4 - Rocks What can be learned by studying rocks…
Unit 3 Rocks, Soil, Erosion and Mass Movements
The Rock Cycle.
Rocks chapter 3.
Earth Processes give us…
Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups
Do now! Can you complete the experiment sheet we did last lesson? Interesting scientist.
Rocks and Weathering Rock Cycle
ROCKS AND THEIR FORMATION. Uniformitarianism Early geologists thought that the physical features of the earth had been formed by sudden catastrophic events.
Schist Pumice Rocks pg 84 Pegmatite Gneiss Scoria coquina.
Classification based upon formation
The Rock Cycle. How can this be a cycle? What rock forms when magma cools? –igneous rock How is sedimentary rock formed? –pressure and cementing of sediment.
The Rock Cycle.
Rocks and Rock Cycle Mrs. Reese.
Rocks & The Rock Cycle.
Warm-Up 9-12 If a region of a map has contour lines close together what does that tell you about the region? Why do contour lines never overlap? Draw.
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Rocks A solid material made up of 1 or more minerals, or other things – including the remains of once-living things.
Rock types and how they are made.. Write down the things that are underlined, if it is a definition then try to copy it for word. If it is a statement.
Granite is a mixture of:
Chapter 4 Rocks.
Today’s lesson Three main rock types.
Types of Rocks Chapter 31 There are three main types of rocks:
Rock Cycle Magma- Molten rock below the surface of the Earth Lava- Molten rock above the Earth’s surface Crystallization- When magma cools and forms igneous.
Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic What are minerals? Minerals are naturally occurring, nonliving substances found in Earth. They have a chemical formula,
Classifying Rocks.
Rocks.
Rocks Rocks are made of minerals.
Rocks Topic: Igneous Rocks Objectives: Day 1 of 4 l I will know how to define a rock l I will know the 3 basic types of rocks l I will know how the rock.
Rock Cycle. There are three major types of rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Jardina-Conelway Elementary Chapter 2 Rocks. Jardina-Conelway Elementary Three Rock Types Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic.
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
An Introduction to Rocks and Minerals.  Rocks and minerals are often referred to as the same thing. In fact, they are not the same.  A mineral is a.
 Most buildings stones are rock-forming minerals, such as quartz, feldspar, mice or calcite  Is a mixture of such minerals, rock fragments, volcanic.
Chapter Three ROCKS.
The Rock Cycle
#13 The Rock Cycle. How can this be a cycle? What rock is formed when magma cools? How is sedimentary rock formed? What happens to rock when it melts?
Types of Rocks. 3 Basic Types Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic.
Rocks ROCKS Chapter 3.
Unit 7 Rocks Rocks. 1.What are rocks?1. Rocks are a mixture of minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural material. 2.
Rocks ESPS Hagen. Vocabulary List 1. Rock Cycle 2. Igneous rocks 3. Magma 4. Lava 5. Intrusive rocks 6. Extrusive rocks 7. Metamorphic rocks 8. Sedimentary.
Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Objectives: Explain how rocks form. Distinguish between the three main types of rocks. Identify rock samples based.
Rock Notes- 3 types of Rock
Three Types of Rock.
Rocks Rock makes up the solid part of the earth. Rock is made from minerals or rock can be made of solid organic matter. Three classes of rock: Igneous,
Rocks. Rock Origin Igneous Rocks - Formed from the cooling of molten magma or lava. Sedimentary Rocks- Formed from particles of other rocks or remains.
ROCK- a mixture of 2 or more minerals (They are classified by how they form) A) IGNEOUS ROCK- formed when molten rock cools 1) INTRUSIVE –formed when magma.
The Rock Cycle Objective: Student will identify and classify the characteristics of the rock cycle by the end of the lesson.
Rocks and Weathering Rock Cycle
The rock cycle illustrates the process that creates and changes rocks. The rock cycle shows the three types of rock- igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary-
Rocks. Rocks  Rocks are solid earth materials formed from a mixture of minerals and sometimes other materials. Rocks are classified into one of three.
THE ROCK CYCLE.
Mineral vs. Rock A rock is a solid combination of minerals or mineral materials. Minerals are inorganic, meaning that living things did not produce them.
Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic
Notes Sedimentary Rocks.
Rocks Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks The Rock Cycle.
Chapter 2: Rocks and Minerals
Types of Rock.
Sedimentary Rocks.
THIS ROCKS! Mt. Rushmore is made from granite – an igneous rock.
The Rock Cycle.
Rocks and The Rock Cycle
Chapter 3 Rocks A rock is a solid mass of minerals or mineral-like materials. The three major types of rock are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
Rock Cycle Rocks are made of minerals. Sometime the minerals are very small to your sight and various tests must be run to determine the minerals contained.
Unit 1 Lesson 2 The Rock Cycle
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Presentation transcript:

The Rock Cycle Types of Rocks Forces that change rocks Weathering Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure

Types of Rocks: IGNEOUS Igneous rocks are “made by fire” because they are formed from magma (molten rock) or volcanic activity. Igneous rocks include quartz, granite, obsidian, geodes, ash, pumice, lava, feldspar, mica, silica, and many minerals and crystals. If the magma reaches the surface of the earth, it can cool quickly, leaving little time for crystals to grow. Magma that cools under the surface takes longer to cool, and the crystals have time to grow bigger. Large granite domes such as Enchanted Rock (TX) and Half Dome (Yosemite) were once magma “bulges” underground.

Igneous Rock Review Intrusive Igneous: Magma that cools under the earth’s surface, underground Granite (same silica content as obsidian) Gabbro (silica- poor) Extrusive Igneous: Magma at the earth’s surface is called lava The more silica in the magma, the more explosive the eruption Obsidian, rhyolite (silica- rich, like granite) Basalt (gentle flow of lava, small grains)

Write what you learned about igneous rocks What is magma? What kinds of rocks are formed from magma underground? What other things did you learn? What is the difference between magma and lava? What kinds of rocks are formed from lava?

Types of Rocks: Sedimentary Sedimentary Rocks are made from sediments, or small pieces of other types of rocks which have been broken down (weathered,) carried away (eroded,) and deposited in other places on the earth’s surface. Sedimentary rocks usually show layers (as in sandstone or shale) or small pieces that are cemented together to form larger rocks (such as conglomerates or aggregates.) Other sedimentary rocks are formed by buried decaying organisms such as plants and animals.

Types of Sedimentary Rocks Clastic Rocks: “stuck together” rocks Sandstone (made from sand grains) Siltstone/ mudstone (made from mud or silt stuck together) Shale (made from tiny clay particles) Conglomerates (pebbles and sand cemented by minerals) Chemical Rocks: made from minerals after the water that carried them evaporates) Rock Salt (Halite) Gypsum Limestone (from evaporated seas/ lakes) Chert

More Sedimentary Rocks Organic Rocks: formed from the remains of plants and animals Coal: see text p. E Chalk (from tiny sea creatures) Limestone (from sea animals with shells) Fossils: from plants or animals buried in layers of sediments, then replaced by minerals (text p. E74- 77) Mold: imprint, hollow “cup.” “A mold can ‘hold’.” Cast: the actual 3-D object turned to stone

Review Sedimentary Rocks Clastic: “stuck together” Chemical: “Mineral deposits” Organic: Decayed plants/ Animals

Write what you learned about sedimentary rocks How are sedimentary rocks formed? Include words such as: –Erosion –Deposits –Sediments –Cementing –Pressure –Layers –Evaporation –Dissolved

METAMORPHIC ROCKS The word “metamorphic” means “to change form.” Metamorphic rocks begin as some other type of rock (igneous or sedimentary) and then change. Examples: –Shale (sedimentary) Slate (metamor.) –Granite (igneous) Gneiss (metamor.) –Limestone (changes to) marble

Rocks Can Change Changes are seen in the texture (size of grains) and/ or composition (mineral make-up) of the rock. Contact metamorphism (see Heat) Regional Metamorphism (see Pressure) Burial Metamorphism (Heat & Pressure are lower) Causes of change are: –Heat (contact with nearby magma changes minerals and grain sizes) –Pressure (from weight of rocks on top causes grains to line up in the same direction = banded rocks) –Chemicals (from magma’s liquids or gases change minerals)

Fossil Fuels Plants & Animals contain carbon and hydrogen. They undergo changes when they die and are quickly buried under other sediments. Bacteria, pressure from more sediments, and increased heat change organisms into Fossil Fuels. Swamp or bog plants decay and form peat. More heat & pressure form lignite (a sedimentary rock.) More heat & pressure form coal, which is a rock that burns as fuel.

Fossil Fuels OIL AND GAS ARE FORMED FROM REMAINS OF OCEAN PLANTS AND ANIMALS THAT WERE BURIED BY SEDIMENTS. OVER LONG PERIODS OF TIME, BACTERIA, HEAT, AND PRESSURE CHANGED THE ORGANISMS TO OIL AND GAS.

Write what you know about fossil fuels Tell what specific materials make fossil fuels. Name as many fossil fuels as you can. Are these sources of energy renewable? What forces are necessary to make fossil fuels? Explain. Does it take a short/ long time to make fossil fuels? Explain. What living organisms help change the decayed materials into fossil fuels?

THE ROCK CYCLE Forces that break down: Weathering and Erosion –Roots break rocks. –Freezing and heating make cracks. –Glaciers scour, polish, move, or grind rocks. –Wind (scouring, erosion) –Water (erosion) –Dissolving Forces that build up: Deposition of more sediments over time Rising magma forms new rocks under the earth’s surface. Lava flows and volcanic eruptions bring more rock material to the surface of the earth (ash, lava, obsidian, basalt, etc.)

HEAT AND PRESSURE MELTING COOLING WEATHERING DEPOSITION ROCK CYCLE

COOLING Magma cools to form granite, gabbros, and minerals “Lava” (extrusive magma that reaches the surface of the earth) cools to form obsidian (volcanic glass,) pumice, basalt, lava rocks

WEATHERING All rocks can be broken down or “weathered.” The pieces of rock can be huge blocks or slabs that break off from cliffs or boulders that are moved by glaciers. Rocks and minerals may be ground up into grains of sand. Rocks may be tumbled in rivers against other rocks to form pebbles.

DEPOSITION Broken pieces of rock are carried and deposited (set down) in other places by: –Wind (dust storms) –Water (wave action, floods, mudslides, rivers, rain runoff) –Evaporation leaves sediments behind (minerals in caves or lakebeds, or in layers of sediments)

MELTING All types of rocks can melt and become magma again: –Igneous –Sedimentary –Metamorphic The cycle begins again and continues to change rocks as time goes on.

Write your explanation of the rock cycle Write several paragraphs to explain the steps of the rock cycle. Write a short explanation for each word: Melting Cooling Weathering Deposition Heat and Pressure