Preview Warm Up California Standards Lesson Presentation

Warm Up Solve each equation. 1. 2x = 7x + 15 2. x = –3 3y – 21 = 4 – 2y y = 5 3. 2(3z + 1) = –2(z + 3) z = –1 4. 3(p – 1) = 3p + 2 no solution 5. Solve and graph 5(2 – b) > 52. b < –3 –5 –3 –2 –1 –4 –6

California Standards 4.0 Students simplify expressions before solving linear equations and inequalities in one variable, such as 3(2x – 5) + 4(x – 2) = 12. 5.0 Students solve multi-step problems, including word problems, involving linear equations and linear inequalities in one variable and provide justification for each step.

Some inequalities have variable terms on both sides of the inequality symbol. You can solve these inequalities like you solved equations with variables on both sides. Use the properties of inequality to “collect” all the variable terms on one side and all the constant terms on the other side.

Additional Example 1A: Solving Inequalities with Variables on Both Sides Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. y ≤ 4y + 18 y ≤ 4y + 18 –y –y 0 ≤ 3y + 18 To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract y from both sides. Since 18 is added to 3y, subtract 18 from both sides to undo the addition. –18 – 18 –18 ≤ 3y Since y is multiplied by 3, divide both sides by 3 to undo the multiplication.

Additional Example 1A: Continued Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. y ≤ 4y + 18 The solution set is {y:y ≥ –6}. –6 ≤ y (or y  –6) –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10

Your first step can also be to subtract 4y from both sides to get –3y ≤ 18. When you divide by a negative number, remember to reverse the inequality symbol. Helpful Hint

Additional Example 1B: Solving Inequalities with Variables on Both Sides Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. 4m – 3 < 2m + 6 To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 2m from both sides. –2m – 2m 2m – 3 < + 6 Since 3 is subtracted from 2m, add 3 to both sides to undo the subtraction. + 3 + 3 2m < 9 Since m is multiplied by 2, divide both sides by 2 to undo the multiplication.

Additional Example 1B Continued Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. 4m – 3 < 2m + 6 The solution set is {m:m }. 4 5 6

Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. Check It Out! Example 1a Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. 4x ≥ 7x + 6 4x ≥ 7x + 6 –7x –7x To collect the variable terms on one side, subtract 7x from both sides. –3x ≥ 6 Since x is multiplied by –3, divide both sides by –3 to undo the multiplication. Change ≥ to ≤. x ≤ –2 The solution set is {x:x ≤ –2}. –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10

Check It Out! Example 1a Continued Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. 4x ≥ 7x + 6 Check Check the endpoint, –2.  –8 –14 + 6 4(–2) 7(–2) + 6 –8 –8 4x = 7x + 6  Check a number less than –2. –12 ≥ –15 4x ≥ 7x + 6 4(–3) ≥ 7(–3) + 6 –12 ≥ –21 + 6

Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. Check It Out! Example 1b Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. 5t + 1 < –2t – 6 5t + 1 < –2t – 6 +2t +2t 7t + 1 < –6 To collect the variable terms on one side, add 2t to both sides. Since 1 is added to 7t, subtract 1 from both sides to undo the addition. – 1 < –1 7t < –7 Since t is multiplied by 7, divide both sides by 7 to undo the multiplication. 7t < –7 7 7 t < –1 The solution set is {t:t < –1}. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5

Check It Out! Example 1b Continued Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. 5t + 1 < –2t – 6 Check Check the endpoint, –1.  –5 + 1 2 – 6 –4 –4 5t + 1 = –2t – 6 5(–1) + 1 –2(–1) – 6  Check a number less than –1. –9 < –2 5(–2) +1 < –2(–2) – 6 5t + 1 < –2t – 6 –9 < 4 – 6

Additional Example 2: Business Application The Home Cleaning Company charges $312 to power-wash the siding of a house plus $12 for each window. Power Clean charges $36 per window, and the price includes power-washing the siding. How many windows must a house have to make the total cost from The Home Cleaning Company less expensive than Power Clean? Let w be the number of windows.

Additional Example 2 Continued Home Cleaning Company siding charge Power Clean cost per window is less than $12 per window # of windows # of windows. plus times times 312 + 12 • w < 36 • w 312 + 12w < 36w – 12w –12w To collect the variable terms, subtract 12w from both sides. 312 < 24w Since w is multiplied by 24, divide both sides by 24 to undo the multiplication. 13 < w

Additional Example 2 Continued The Home Cleaning Company is less expensive for houses with more than 13 windows.

Let f represent the number of flyers printed. Check It Out! Example 2 A-Plus Advertising charges a fee of $24 plus $0.10 per flyer to print and deliver flyers. Print and More charges $0.25 per flyer. For how many flyers is the cost at A-Plus Advertising less than the cost of Print and More? Let f represent the number of flyers printed. plus $0.10 per flyer is less than # of flyers. A-Plus Advertising fee of $24 Print and More’s cost # of flyers times 24 + 0.10 • f < 0.25 • f

Check It Out! Example 2 Continued 24 + 0.10f < 0.25f –0.10f –0.10f To collect the variable terms, subtract 0.10f from both sides. 24 < 0.15f Since f is multiplied by 0.15, divide both sides by 0.15 to undo the multiplication. 160 < f More than 160 flyers must be delivered to make A-Plus Advertising the lower cost company.

You may need to simplify one or both sides of an inequality before solving it. Look for like terms to combine and places to use the Distributive Property.

Additional Example 3A: Simplify Each Side Before Solving Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. 2(k – 3) > 6 + 3k – 3 Distribute 2 on the left side of the inequality. 2(k – 3) > 3 + 3k 2k + 2(–3) > 3 + 3k 2k – 6 > 3 + 3k To collect the variable terms, subtract 2k from both sides. –2k – 2k –6 > 3 + k Since 3 is added to k, subtract 3 from both sides to undo the addition. –3 –3 –9 > k

Additional Example 3A Continued Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. 2(k – 3) > 6 + 3k – 3 –9 > k The solution set is {k:k < –9}. –12 –9 –6 –3 3

Additional Example 3B: Simplify Each Side Before Solving Solve the inequality and graph the solution. 0.9y ≥ 0.4y – 0.5 0.9y ≥ 0.4y – 0.5 – 0.4y – 0.4y 0.5y ≥ – 0.5 To collect the variable terms, subtract 0.4y from both sides. 0.5y ≥ –0.5 0.5 0.5 Since y is multiplied by 0.5, divide both sides by 0.5 to undo the multiplication. y ≥ –1 The solution set is {y:y ≥ –1}. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5

Check It Out! Example 3a Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. 5(2 – r) ≥ 3(r – 2) Distribute 5 on the left side of the inequality and distribute 3 on the right side of the inequality. 5(2 – r) ≥ 3(r – 2) 5(2) – 5(r) ≥ 3(r) + 3(–2) 10 – 5r ≥ 3r – 6 Since 6 is subtracted from 3r, add 6 to both sides to undo the subtraction. +6 +6 16 − 5r ≥ 3r Since 5r is subtracted from 16 add 5r to both sides to undo the subtraction. + 5r +5r 16 ≥ 8r

Check It Out! Example 3a Continued Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. 16 ≥ 8r Since r is multiplied by 8, divide both sides by 8 to undo the multiplication. 2 ≥ r The solution set is {r:r ≤ 2}. –6 –2 2 –4 4

Check It Out! Example 3a Continued Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. Check Check the endpoint, 2.  5(0) 3(0) 0 0 5(2 – 2) 3(2 – 2) 5(2 – r) = 3(r – 2)  Check a number less than 2. 5(2 – r) ≥ 3(r – 2) 5(2 – 0) ≥ 3(0 – 2) 5(2) ≥ 3(–2) 10 ≥ –6

Check It Out! Example 3b Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. 0.5x – 0.3 + 1.9x < 0.3x + 6 0.5x – 0.3 + 1.9x < 0.3x + 6 Combine like terms. 2.4x – 0.3 < 0.3x + 6 Since 0.3 is subtracted from 2.4x, add 0.3 to both sides. + 0.3 + 0.3 2.4x < 0.3x + 6.3 –0.3x –0.3x Since 0.3x is added to 6.3, subtract 0.3x from both sides. 2.1x < 6.3 Since x is multiplied by 2.1, divide both sides by 2.1.

Check It Out! Example 3b Continued Solve the inequality and graph the solutions. Check your answer. 0.5x – 0.3 + 1.9x < 0.3x + 6 x < 3 The solution set is {x:x < 3}. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 Check Check the endpoint, 3.  7.2 – 0.3 0.9 + 6 6.9 6.9 2.4(3) – 0.3 0.3(3) + 6 2.4x – 0.3 = 0.3x + 6  Check a number less than 3. 2.4x – 0.3 < 0.3x + 6 2.4(1) – 0.3 < 0.3(1) + 6 2.4 – 0.3 < 0.3 + 6 2.1 < 6.3

Some inequalities are true no matter what value is substituted for the variable. For these inequalities, the solution set is all real numbers. Some inequalities are false no matter what value is substituted for the variable. These inequalities have no solutions. Their solution set is the empty set, ø. If both sides of an inequality are fully simplified and the same variable term appears on both sides, then the inequality has all real numbers as solutions or it has no solutions. Look at the other terms in the inequality to decide which is the case.

Additional Example 4A: All Real Numbers as Solutions or No Solutions Solve the inequality. 2x – 7 ≤ 5 + 2x The same variable term (2x) appears on both sides. Look at the other terms. For any number 2x, subtracting 7 will always result in a lower number than adding 5. All values of x make the inequality true. All real numbers are solutions.

Additional Example 4B: All Real Numbers as Solutions or No Solutions Solve the inequality. Distribute 2 on the left side and 3 on the right side and combine like terms. 2(3y – 2) – 4 ≥ 3(2y + 7) 6y – 8 ≥ 6y + 21 The same variable term (6y) appears on both sides. Look at the other terms. For any number 6y, subtracting 8 will never result in a higher number than adding 21. No values of y make the inequality true. There are no solutions. The solution set is .

Check It Out! Example 4a Solve the inequality. 4(y – 1) ≥ 4y + 2 4y – 4 ≥ 4y + 2 Distribute 4 on the left side. The same variable term (4y) appears on both sides. Look at the other terms. For any number 4y, subtracting 4 will never result in a higher number than adding 2. No values of y make the inequality true. There are no solutions. The solution set Ø.

Check It Out! Example 4b Solve the inequality. x – 2 < x + 1 The same variable term (x) appears on both sides. Look at the other terms. For any number x, subtracting 2 will always result in a lesser number than adding 1. All values of x make the inequality true. All real numbers are solutions.

Lesson Quiz: Part I Solve each inequality and graph the solutions. 1. t < 5t + 24 t > –6 2. 5x – 9 ≤ 4.1x – 81 x ≤ –80 3. 4b + 4(1 – b) > b – 9 b < 13

Lesson Quiz: Part II 4. Rick bought a photo printer and supplies for $186.90, which will allow him to print photos for $0.29 each. A photo store charges $0.55 to print each photo. How many photos must Rick print before his total cost is less than getting prints made at the photo store? Rick must print more than 718 photos.

Lesson Quiz: Part III Solve each inequality. 5. 2y – 2 ≥ 2(y + 7) ø 6. 2(–6r – 5) < –3(4r + 2) all real numbers