Earth’s Atmosphere Chapter 9

Earth’s Atmosphere Main Ideas Lesson 1: Energy from the Sun The Sun is the major source of energy for Earth Lesson 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere distributes thermal energy. Lesson 3: Air Currents Solar energy is responsible for the continuous movement of air in the troposphere, which transports and distributes thermal energy around Earth.

Earth’s Atmosphere So What?! The Sun’s energy and Earth’s atmosphere are critical for creating the conditions needed for life on Earth.

Energy from the Sun Chapter 9, Lesson 1 Earth’s Atmosphere Energy from the Sun Chapter 9, Lesson 1

The heat from the Sun helps keep Earth’s surface warm. What You’ll Learn: Identify some of the differences between layers of the atmosphere. Describe how solar radiation reaches Earth’s surface. Understand that solar radiation has its maximum in the range of visible light. Explain why the sky looks blue. Identify the Sun as a constant and almost uniform source of energy for Earth. So What? The heat from the Sun helps keep Earth’s surface warm.

Vocabulary Use your book to locate the definitions for the Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and Academic Vocabulary words on page 94 of your Science Notebook.

Earth’s Atmosphere Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere Nitrogen 78% Identify the main components of the atmosphere and list their percentages. Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Particles, Water vapor, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Ozone: 1%

Layers in the Atmosphere Identify the locations of the four layers of the atmosphere. Describe the properties of each layer. __________________________________ ___________________________________________ thermosphere No defined upper limit mesosphere Increasing air temperature with altitude stratosphere troposphere Holds most of Earth’s air Earth’s Surface

Summarize the main ideas of the above sections in two bullet points. Summarize It! Summarize the main ideas of the above sections in two bullet points.

The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum Define electromagnetic spectrum. List the 3 types of electromagnetic radiation that make up 99% of solar radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum: Solar radiation consists of: 1. 2. 3. The entire range of wavelength or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Ultraviolet light Visible light Infrared radiation

*Longer wavelength than visible light *Felt as heat The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum Compare and Contrast infrared and ultraviolet radiation. *Longer wavelength than visible light *Felt as heat *Shorter wavelength than visible light *Causes skin to tan or burn Infrared Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation Invisible to humans

Summarize three main ideas of the above section. Summarize It! Summarize three main ideas of the above section.

The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum Model what happens to the Sun’s radiation that strikes Earth’s atmosphere. Be sure to indicate the following statistics...

The Sun’s Power Summarize how the angle at which the sun’s radiation strikes Earth affects temperatures. When a beam of sunlight reaching Earth is almost perpendicular to the surface, as occurs near the equator, the beam is concentrated over a small area and temperatures are warmer. When sunlight strikes Earth’s surface at a low angle, as occurs at the poles, the radiation is spread out over a larger area.

Create a concept map about the importance of solar energy on Earth. The Sun’s Power Create a concept map about the importance of solar energy on Earth. Solar Energy Provides Light Visible Light Infrared Radiation Ultraviolet Light Warms Air & Land @ Earth’s surface Powers Water Cycle Powers Photosynthesis in Living Organisms Forms the Base of the Food Chain

Summarize two main ideas of the above section. Summarize It! Summarize two main ideas of the above section.

Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Chapter 9, Lesson 2 Earth’s Atmosphere Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Chapter 9, Lesson 2

What You’ll Learn: So What? Describe how the air is heated from the lower layers of the atmosphere. Explain why hot air rises and cold air sinks. Distinguish the properties of the radiation emitted by the Sun from those of the radiation emitted by Earth. Identify the effects of greenhouse gases on Earth’s climate. So What? Heat energy from the Sun that is distributed through the atmosphere helps keep Earth warm.

Vocabulary Use your book to locate the definitions for the Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and Academic Vocabulary words on page 98 of your Science Notebook.

Review: Radiation, Conduction, & Convection

Conduction in Air Heat Transfer Occurs by Conduction Convection Complete the graphic organizer below with the 3 types of heat transfer. Heat Transfer Occurs by Conduction Convection Radiation

Summarize why increasing the temperature of air changes its density. Convection in Air Summarize why increasing the temperature of air changes its density. As the temperature of air increases, the kinetic energy of its particles increases and its molecules move farther apart. As the molecules move farther apart, the density of the air decreases because fewer molecules occupy the space available.

Convection in Air WARM AIR COLD AIR Model the way in which convection currents affect air circulation patterns in a room. Use arrows to show the path of air movement. Label the arrows to indicate warm air and cool air. WARM AIR COLD AIR

Summarize the main ideas of the above sections in two bullet points. Summarize It! Summarize the main ideas of the above sections in two bullet points.

no yes yes Radiation Traveling through Space As electro-magnetic waves Compare and Contrast the three forms of heat transfer. Radiation Conduction Convection Does it need a medium? How is energy transferred? no yes yes As electro-magnetic waves Through collisions between particles Through movements of air

Radiation Traveling through Space Create a drawing to show how Earth maintains a radiation balance.

Radiation Traveling through Space Create a drawing to show how Earth maintains a radiation balance.

Why is it cold at the poles?

Radiation Traveling through Space Identify three greenhouse gases. Then explain how scientists think greenhouse gases might play a role in global warming. carbon dioxide water vapor methane 1. __________________________ 2. _______________________ 3. ________________ Role in Global Warming: Greenhouse gases prevent radiation given off by Earth from going out into space and redirect it toward Earth. Increased amounts of greenhouse gases are being released into the atmosphere.

Summarize two main ideas of the above sections. Summarize It! Summarize two main ideas of the above sections.

Air Currents Chapter 9, Lesson 3 Earth’s Atmosphere Air Currents Chapter 9, Lesson 3

What You’ll Learn: So What? Describe how solar energy gives rise to winds. Explain why Earth’s surface is heated unevenly. Understand how pressure difference affect winds. Explain how great air currents circle Earth, transporting heat and water vapor. So What? Air currents transport and distribute heat throughout Earth’s atmosphere.

Vocabulary Use your book to locate the definitions for the Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and Academic Vocabulary words on page 101 of your Science Notebook.

Increasing Temperature Less Radiation Absorbed More Radiation Absorbed Local Winds & Eddies Sequence the Earth materials to indicate how rapidly each heats up when it absorbs solar radiation. Increasing Temperature Less Radiation Absorbed More Radiation Absorbed 1. Snow & Ice 3. Water 4. Forest 5. Asphalt & Concrete 2. Sand

cooler, denser air sinks Local Winds & Eddies Create two diagrams to show the movement of air in an updraft and in a downdraft. Show heated, less dense air and cooler, denser air. Use arrows to show the direction of movement. more dense cooler, denser air sinks less dense

Summarize two main ideas of the above sections. Summarize It! Summarize two main ideas of the above sections.

Air Currents Around Earth Model the directions in which winds blow in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres as a result of the Coriolis effect.

Air Currents Around Earth Complete the graphic organizer below to identify the cells in the three-cell model of air movement. Three-Cell Model From the _______toward the _____ until it sinks near ____________ ______ toward the ________ until it sinks near Between 30°° and 60° latitude Hadley Cell Polar Cell Ferrel Cell equator poles poles equator 30° latitude 60° latitude

Air Currents Around Earth Define Jet Stream. Jet Stream: strong, continuous winds found in the troposphere.

Summarize three main ideas of the above sections. Summarize It! Summarize three main ideas of the above sections.