Fig. 1-29. Pg. 25 Inherited Disorders “Sporadic” Cancers Aging Lysosomal Storage diseases I-Cell Disease Cystic Fibrosis Cholera “Sporadic” Cancers Aging.

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Presentation transcript:

Fig. 1-29

Pg. 25 Inherited Disorders “Sporadic” Cancers Aging Lysosomal Storage diseases I-Cell Disease Cystic Fibrosis Cholera “Sporadic” Cancers Aging Alzheimer’s Disease Cystic Fibrosis Muscular Dystrophy

Drug Targets Microtubules Membrane receptors Translation components tRNA synthetases Ribosomes Ion channels Protein kinases G proteins Bcl-2 Family proteins Telomerase Transport vesicles Protein “pumps” Topoisomerases

Pg. 10

100 µM

Microscopy Light Microscopy Electron Microscopy

Pg. 10

Light Microscopy Bright Field Fluorescence Phase-Contrast Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)

Electron Microscopy (EM) Scanning EM Transmission EM

Chemical Composition of Cells Pg. 58

Pg. 79

Chemical Bond Energies

Gene Expression

Monomer/Polymer

Nitrogenous Bases of DNA and RNA Pg. 76

Pg. 175

3’ 5’

0.34 nm Pg. 171 Major Groove Minor Groove

Topoisomerase Treated DNA

Topoisomerase Relieves Stress of Overwinding During DNA Replication

Camptothecin Topoisomerase is an Anti-Cancer Drug Target

Werner Syndrome 15 yrs. 48 yrs. Mutation in gene encoding RecQ helicase

Human Karyotype Pg M bp 47 M bp

Nucleus ~ 2 meters of DNA fits in the nucleus!

Nitrogenous Bases of DNA and RNA Pg. 76

RNA Molecules 5’ 3’

Types of RNA Molecules mRNA (gene expression) Transfer RNA (Translation) Ribosomal RNA (Translation) Small nuclear RNA (exon splicing) Micro RNA (Gene regulation) Small cytoplasmic RNA (protein transport) Ribozymes (numerous biochemical functions)

Protein Functions Enzymes Membrane transport Intercellular transport Hormones Receptors Nanomachines Antibodies Toxins Fibers Bioluminescence/Fluorescence

Pg. 74

(Pgs ) Amino Acid Side Chains

Extra carbon atom!

ß-Sheet alpha-helix

Hydrophobic Interactions in Tertiary Structure

Hydrogen Bonding in Tertiary Structure

Representations of Protein Tertiary Structure Backbone Ribbon Wire Frame Space Filling Pg. 132

Quaternary Structure Pg. 141

Protein Domains (Src protein)

Chloride Ion Channel Protein

Comparison of Protein Primary Structure Cyclin-dependent Kinase Proteins

(cytosol or ER membrane)

Complexity of Human Gene Expression

Pg. 202 (Modified for RNA synthesis) RNA Synthesis OH

Pg. 233

1 µm Pg. 233

Exon/Intron Organization of Eukaryotic Genes Pg. 238

Sequence Structure of Introns

Pg. 239

Pg. 241 Alternative Splicing

Pg ’ Guanine Cap Structure

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