8/31/2012 online

Internal structures of female reproductive : Ovaries Uterine tubes Uterus Vagina

 Two small, glandular, organs  Controls menstrual cycle  Contain ova  Ovulation -extrusion of an ovum by rupture of a follicle

Pear-shaped muscular organ Situated in central part of pelvic cavity Posterior to urinary bladder

Receives ovum Serves to house developing fetus Expels fetus during birth Consists of four parts: Fundus Body Isthmus Cervix

Also called fallopian tubes Collect ova released by ovaries and convey it to uterine cavity 3  to 5  long

During implantation, fertilized ovum, (zygote) passes into uterine cavity After 2 weeks, embryo appears After 9 weeks, embryo becomes a fetus 7 months

Connecting cord from the developing fetus to the placenta  Provides passage in for nutrition and removal of waste  Cord is attached to uterus via placenta, implanted in uterine wall

Pt empties bladder prior to procedure Pt in lithotomy position Speculum inserted into vagina Uterine cannula inserted into cervical canal Contrast is administered after speculum removal

Lies posterior to urinary bladder and urethra Muscular structure that connects uterus to outside of body Performs various other functions

Female – not pregnant (not gravid) Hysterosalpingography (HSG) Pelvic pneumonography Vaginography Female – pregnant (gravid) Fetography Pelvimetry Fetal cephalometry Placentagram

Mainly to investigate patency of uterine tubes in pts unable to conceive Determine size, shape, and position of uterus and uterine tubes Delineate lesions such as polyps, submucousal tumors, or fistulas

Why should procedure should be scheduled within 10 days following onset of menstruation? Endometrium is least congested Least risk of irradiating fertilized ovum

Pt empties bladder prior to procedure Pt in lithotomy position Speculum inserted into vagina Uterine cannula inserted into cervical canal Contrast is administered after speculum removal

 S hows filling of uterine cavity and bilateral filling of fallopian tube with injection material  Patency determined by visualization of contrast  Fluoroscopy and/or overheads images  Usually AP, obliques, and lateral HSG

Replaced by sonography Study of female organs by injection of gas in peritoneal cavity

Used to investigate congenital malformations and fistulas Thin barium sulfate or water-soluble iodinated contrast media introduced into vagina

Radiography of placenta by injecting radiopaque substance Shows walls of uterus to locate placenta in cases of placenta previa ( In most pregnancies, placenta is located at the top or side of uterus. In placenta previa, placenta is located low in tuterus)

(Now replaced by ultrasound) Demonstrates fetus in utero Detect suspected abnormalities of development or death Determine presentation and position of fetus Determine number of fetuses KUB and lateral

Baby enters birth canal with buttocks or feet first as opposed to normal head first presentation Normal

Metal ruler to measure fetal head’s relationship to pelvic outlet AP and lateral films Pelvimetry (fetal cephalometry) Colcher –Sussman Method ( Now replaced by Sonography)

Pelvimetry

 External reproductive structures of male  Penis  Scrotum  Structures enclosed by scrotal sac ▪ Testes ▪ Epididymides ▪ Spermatic cords ▪ Part of ductus deferens Bladder

Vesiculogram

Obsolete radiography study of prostate  Replaced by Sonography