Cutting Edge Technologies Presented By: Ms Uzma Awan

Cutting Edge Technologies

Bar Code Reader  A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes.  Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones.  A barcode reader, also called a price scanner or point- of-sale ( POS ) scanner, is a hand-held or stationary input device used to capture and read information contained in a bar code.  A barcode reader consists of a scanner, a decoder (either built-in or external), and a cable used to connect the reader with a computer.

Barcode  A bar code is the small image of lines (bars) and spaces that is affixed to retail store items, identification cards, and postal mail to identify a particular product number, person, or location.  The code uses a sequence of vertical bars and spaces to represent numbers and other symbols.  A bar code symbol typically consists of five parts: a quiet zone, a start character, data characters (including an optional check character), a stop character, and another quiet zone.

Why use Barcodes? As far back as the 1960s, barcodes were used in industrial work environments. Some of the early implementations of barcodes included the ability identify rail road cars. In the early 1970s, common barcodes started appearing on grocery shelves. To automate the process of identifying grocery items, UPC barcodes were placed on products. Today, barcodes are just about everywhere and are used for identification in almost all types of business.

 A barcode reader works by directing a beam of light across the bar code and measuring the amount of light that is reflected back.  The dark bars on a barcode reflect less light than the white spaces between them.  The scanner converts the light energy into electrical energy, which is then converted into data by the decoder and forwarded to a computer. Working of Barcode Reader

Benefit of using Barcodes  For retailers  Quickly identifying fast and slow selling items to help stocking decisions  Repositioning a given product within a store to move more profitable items to occupy the best space,  Historical data can be used to predict seasonal fluctuations very accurately.  For shipping companies  Keep track of packages from start to destination 9

Finger Print Reader  A fingerprint reader is a device that uses your fingerprint to identify you.  It works by taking an image of your fingerprint, and then saving a copy of it.  When you need to identify yourself, such as when logging on to a website or to Windows, the fingerprint reader scans your fingerprint and compares it to the saved version.

Working of fingerprint reader  A fingerprint scanner system has two basic jobs:  It needs to get an image of your finger  It needs to determine whether the pattern of ridges and valleys in this image matches the pattern of ridges and valleys in pre-scanned images.

Benefits of Fingerprint reader  Very high accuracy  Is the most economical biometric PC user authentication technique  It is one of the most developed biometrics  Easy to use  Small storage space required for the biometric template, reducing the size of the database memory required  It is standardized.

Robots "A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks". Or a simpler version An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human.

What is a Robot The term robot was derived from the Czech word robotonics, meaning forced work or compulsory service, or robotnik.

17 What do we need the robot to do?  Moving: The robot must be able to control some set of actuators to move how and when we want it to. We must be able to reliably place the robot anywhere we want.  Sensing: The robot must be able to perceive its environment through sensors locate obstacles to avoid, and objects of interest that we want it to interact with.  Plan/Act: The robot must be able to make decisions using its processor based on it’s sensors and feed them to it’s actuators to be able to move.

 Robots benefit our society in various ways. They assist people in working areas, (e.g. Hard labour, Work force, etc.)  Yet many peoples personal views on robots vary from the common stereotype of robots. (Over intelligent and possibly world dominating.) Effects of Robots on Society

Ideal Tasks of Robot Tasks which are:  Dangerous  Space exploration  chemical spill cleanup  disarming bombs  disaster cleanup  Boring and/or repetitive  Welding car frames  part pick and place  manufacturing parts.  High precision or high speed  Electronics testing  Surgery  precision machining.

Types of Robots  Industrial Robots  –materials handling  –welding  –inspection  –improving productivity  –Laboratory applications

Types of Robots Mobile Robots  –Robots that move around on legs, tracks or wheels.  –In 1979 a nuclear accident in the USA caused a leak of  radioactive material.  Led to production of special robot  – tele operator to handle the radioactive material

Types of Robots  Educational Robots – robotic kits are used extensively in education. Examples are Robolab and Lego and RoboCup Soccer.

The Present Day Robotics - Robots At Work:

Social robots

Medical robots

Robots as Toys