The Endocrime System

The Endocrine System The endocrime system consist of glands that secrete, called hormones, into the bloodstream. The word hormone is derived from the Greek horman, meaning “to stimulate” or “ to excite.” Hormones affect behaviors and emotional ereactions. Various hormones circulates througt the body they act only on hormone receptors in certain places.

The Endocrine System The Pituitary Gland The Thyroid Gland The Adrenal Glands The Testes The Ovaries

The Pituitary Gland The Pituitary Gland lies just below the Hypothalamus .Its about the size of a pea, but is so important that it has been refered to as the “master gland” The pituitary gland , which is stimulated by the hypothalamus, is responsable for the secretion of many different hormones that affect various aspects of behavior.

The Pituitary Gland As it takes messages from the brain (via hypothalamus) uses these messages to produce hormones that affects many parts of the body. Including stimulating all the other hormone – producing gland to produce their own hormones. For this reason it is often referred to as the master gland.º

The Pituatary Gland Controls chemical and water balance in body. Controls growth and metabolism. Influence sexual behavior. Stimulate growth and maturation of the gonads.

The Thyroid Gland The Thyroid gland produces thyroxin. Thyroxin affects the body’s metabolism– its rate of converting food to energy. The Production of too little thyroxin can lead to a condition called hypothyroidism. People with hypothyroidism often are overweight. For children, to little thyroxin can cause a condition called cretinism, which characterized by stunted growth and mental retardetion. People who produce too much thyroxin may develop hyporthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excitability, inability to sleep, and weight loss

The Adrenal Gland The adrenal glands are located above the Kidneys. The outer layer or the cortex, of the adrenal glands secretes cortical steroids it increase resistance to stress and promotes muscle development. They also cause the liver to release stored sugar. The adrenal gland produce adrenaline and noradrenaline. The nervous system cause the adrenal glands to release a mixture of these two hormones. These hormones help arose the body, enabling the person to cope with the stress situation.

The Adrenal Gland Adrenaline also plays a role inthe emotions people experience.

The Testes and the Ovaries These glands produce the hormone testosterone, estrogen, and pregesterone. Testosterone is a male sex hormone. Although females have it in small amount produce by the ovaries. Testosterone is produce by the testes in male. In the prenatal period, testosterone influences development of the sex organs. In adolescence, testosteron aid the growth of muscle and bone as well as the h development of primary and secondary sex characteristics

The Testes and the Ovaries Testosteronr is a kind of steroid. A small number of athletes use steroids to enhence their athletic ability.

The testes and the Ovaries Estrogen and Progesterone are female sex hormones, although low levels are found in males. The overeas in female produce estrogen and progesterone and in small aamount by the testes in male. Estrogen fosters the development of sex characteristics. It stimulates growth of the female reproductive organs and help prepare the body for pragnancy. Higher levels of strogen seem to be connected with optimal cognitive functioning and feeling of well being among women.

Women are more intersted in seexual activity when estrogen levels are high particularly during ovulation, when they are fertile.