THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Mr. Vazquez Period 1- Family Life

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM  Endocrine Glands- ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream  Hormones-Chemical Messengers that help regulate many bodily functions  Key & Lock Mechanism  Some trigger functions, Some trigger glands  Hormone levels are controlled by many factors

PITUITARY GLAND  Pituitary Gland aka Master Gland  Three sections Anterior, Intermediate, Posterior  Anterior-Growth Hormones, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Sexual Glands  Intermediate- Melanocyte (Skin Pigment)  Posterior- ADH (Water Regulation)

ADRENAL GLANDS  Stress Relief & Emergency Response  Two Parts: Adrenal Cortex & Adrenal Medulla  Cortex- Hormones that control sodium levels, metabolism of 3 basic nutrients, and blood pressure  Medulla- Epinephrine aka. Adrenaline  Epinephrine- Increases breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and suppresses digestion

OTHER GLANDS  Hypothalamus- Activates the Pituitary Gland  Pineal- Releases Melatonin (Sleep & Puberty)  Thyroid- Regulates metabolism, body heat, and bone growth  Pancreas-Glucagon and Insulin  Testes & Ovaries- Sexual Development both primary and secondary

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HEALTH  Sleep  Balanced Meals  Stress Levels  Genetic  Increase in hormones=Health Problems

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

MALE REPRODUCTION  Two functions- Produce and Store Sperm  Sperm- The male gametes, or reproductive cells  Must be transferred to females body for reproduction  Puberty  Testosterone Production stimulated by the pituitary gland  Can produce sperm for lifetime

EXTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS  Testes (Testicles)-two small glands that produce sperm & testosterone  Scrotum-an external skin sac  Penis-the tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes  ^Made of spongy tissue and many blood vessels=Erections Semen-a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions Ejaculation-muscular contractions that force out sperm/semen at the height of sexual arousal

REPRODUCTION CONTINUED  Fertilization- the joining of male and female egg cell  Foreskin-At birth the tip of the penis is covered by a thin, loose skin  Circumcision- The removal of the foreskin  Sperm cannot live in hot temperatures, acidic areas  Scrotum=temperature regulator, movement of the testicles  Tight clothing=less living sperm

MAINTAINING A HEALTHY SYSTEM  Wash  Wear protective equipment  Practice abstinence  Perform Regular Self-Examinations  Get Regular Check-Ups

MALE REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS  STD’s  Inguinal Hernia-intestines push through a tear in the abdominal wall  Sterility-inability to reproduce, few sperm or sperm quality. Exposure to x-rays, radiation, toxic chemicals, hormonal imbalances, STD’s, drugs  Testicular Cancer  Prostate Problems/Prostate Cancer

THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM  Two functions-Producing sex hormones & eggs  Eggs/Ova-Female gametes  Ovaries-The female sex glands that store the ova and produce female sex hormone  Uterus-hollow, muscular, pear shaped organ that protects and nourishes a fertilized egg until birth  400,000 Ova  Ovulation- The process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS  Fallopian Tubes- a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum  Vagina-A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body  Zygote- a fertilized egg

MENSTRUATION  Female Maturity, Uterus thickens  Endometrium breaks down  Menstruation-the shedding of the uterine lining  Cervix-The opening from the uterus to the vagina  years of age  Hormones control  Menopause 45-55

MAINTAINING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH  Bathe Regularly  Medical Exams-(Pap Smear)  Practice Abstinence  Breast Self-Exam

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PROBLEMS  Menstrual Cramps  Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)  Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

FEMALE REP. PROBLEMS CONTINUED  Endometriosis- Uterine tissues grow elsewhere  STD’s  Vaginitis  Ovarian Cysts  Cervical, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancers