Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry All about CARBON!!!! 4 electrons available and ready to bond Carbon also likes to bond with other Carbon this makes carbon chains!

Organic Chemistry Forms strong bonds (covalent) with Oxygen (2) Hydrogen (1) Sulfur (3) Nitrogen (3) Because Carbon is so versatile and strong it is often called a “carbon backbone” Two or more atoms make a molecule H2O NaCl

Organic Chemistry Vocab: Molecule: when two or more atoms bond Ex: H2O & NaCl Monomer: small groups of molecules that bond with other groups of molecules Ex: Glucose & Fructose Polymer: Several monomers bonded together Ex: Starch & DNA Macromolecule: several polymers bonded together Ex: Carbohydrates & Lipids Images from the following websites: MOLECULE: (http://www.materialssciencerocks.com/hydrogen-bonding-what-holds-everything-together/ ) Monomer(http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmoodle.esu13.org%2Fmod%2Fassignment%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D51639&h=0&w=0&tbnid=4YNbW_nCENZSzM&zoom=1&tbnh=192&tbnw=262&docid=mwlIO-E0II8TiM&tbm=isch&ei=ecMkVLGgB5KZyATB0IDICg&ved=0CAQQsCUoAA ) Polymer (http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/basics.htm ) Macromolecule (http://galleryhip.com/dna-macromolecule.html )

Organic Chemistry Four Main Categories Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Image from: http://www.haspi.org/curriculum-library/Med-Bio-Core-Labs/00%20NEW%20NGSS%20Med%20Bio%20Labs%20COMPLETE/07%20Teacher%20-%20Macromolecules.pdf

Carbohydrates Made of: Monomer: monosaccharide Polymer: Polysaccharide Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Monomer: monosaccharide Ex: Glucose & Fructose Polymer: Polysaccharide Ex: Starch Functions: easy/short term energy storage Image from: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/11/misconceptions-surrounding-carbohydrates/

Lipids Made of: Monomer: Glycerol & Fatty Acids Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Monomer: Glycerol & Fatty Acids Functions: long term energy storage, cell structure and cell-to-cell communication Image from: http://chemistrypictures.org/index.php/lipids

Lipids Energy Storage Lots of potential energy in the fatty acid tails Ex: Fats & Oils Lots of potential energy in the fatty acid tails Long-term energy storage, but harder to break down than carbs Image from: http://weloveteaching.com/0bio105/lectures/organics/Lipids.jpg

Lipids Nonpolar (don’t dissolve in water) Cell Structure: Phospholipids Hydrophilic (water loving) head Hydrophobic tail (water fearing) Creates a bilayer  cell membranes!!! Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg/300px-Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg

Lipids Cell-to-cell communication Steroids!! Cholesterol Response to stress Ring shaped Image from: Cholesterol: http://elitemensguide.com/emg-health-numbers-hdl-cholesterol-and-ldl-cholesterol/ Steroid structure https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQ7POqWcDhvCcJ0j4QNEbSJabO-zHEqZkCcyVr5jqLHXlPrfqC

Proteins Made of: Monomer: Amino Acids Polymer: Proteins Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Monomer: Amino Acids Polymer: Proteins Functions: Cell regulation, control rate of reaction, and helping build bone & muscle Images from: Structure http://amit1b.wordpress.com/the-molecules-of-life/about/ Food: http://livehealthyosu.com/tag/caffeine/

Nucleic Acids Made of: Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: DNA & RNA!!! Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: DNA & RNA!!! Image from: http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/81/dna-and-rna.png

Nucleic Acids Function: Store and transmitting (passing on) genetic information! Image from: http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/1x6057874/human_baby_dna_helix__genetic_sequences_artwork_g340052.jpg