“It is time to speak your truth, create your community and do not look outside yourself for the leader. We are the ones we’ve been waiting for.” Hopi Elders

A Native American Approach Presented at 2006 IHS / SAMHSA Behavioral Health Conference June 6, Town and Country Resort San Diego, CA By Gary B. Neumann Salish/Pend Orielle

M E D I C I N E W H E E L FOUR DIRECTIONS

North South East West

North South East West Emotional MentalPhysical Spiritual

WELLBRIETY - means to be both sober and well. It is a word that would be inspired by a Passamagouddy elder in Maine 1995; but for native people WELLBRIETY means to live through the principles, laws, and values that indigenous cultures lived by before Europeans came to North America.

Clans live in Harmony with Creation CLANS: Keepers of Sacred Knowledge

North South East West All Native Cultures believeAll Native Cultures believe in a Supreme Being. in a Supreme Being. All Native Cultures believeAll Native Cultures believe in a Supreme Being. in a Supreme Being. We believe that the EldersWe believe that the Elders are a guiding force. are a guiding force. We believe that the EldersWe believe that the Elders are a guiding force. are a guiding force. We believe that all tribalWe believe that all tribal Nations are different from each other. We believe that all tribalWe believe that all tribal Nations are different from each other. This difference is our strength.This difference is our strength. We believe alcoholWe believe alcohol and drugs are destroying us and we want to recover. We believe alcoholWe believe alcohol and drugs are destroying us and we want to recover. We believe that there is aWe believe that there is a Natural Order running the Universe. We believe that there is aWe believe that there is a Natural Order running the Universe. Inside of every beingInside of every being is the innate knowledge of Well Being. Inside of every beingInside of every being is the innate knowledge of Well Being. We believe our traditionalWe believe our traditional ways are knowledgeable about the Natural Order. We believe our traditionalWe believe our traditional ways are knowledgeable about the Natural Order.

A Mohawk Elder, explains: The difference that exists is that white doctor’s medicines tend to be very mechanical. The person is repaired but he is not better than he was before. Western Medicine is more focused on symptom suppression.

Culturally Sensitive Approach Identifying Strength Observing Nature Uniqueness of all Things Adapt as needed Harmony and balance Teachings and spirituality Concept Of Well Being Is Understood Differently.

Cultural Sensitivity Demonstrates the beliefs, values, and assumptions of community. Enables community members to become the owners of the process or product Is recognizable to the community as having a “good fit” What works for the people of the buffalo, may not work for the people of the whale.

Areas for Cultural Sensitivity Definitions and meanings Symbols Language Core Values Assumptions behind processes & content Leadership of local community “Life ways” and “Thought ways”

Cultural Competency To conduct professional work in ways that the members of a cultural group recognize as appropriate among themselves Engage with community and accept cultural differences in an open and genuine manner. The honor of one is the honor of ALL

North South East West Prevention Treatment Spring Baby Recovery Intervention Summer Youth Fall Winter Adult Elder

Spring 1. Community Organization 2. Community Assessment Summer 3. Issues & Problems Analysis 4. Strategic Planning The Seven Directions Of Knowledge “It’s not to help keep our kids alive It’s to help bury them”… tribal member

Spring 1. Community Organization 2. Community Assessment Summer 3. Issues & Problems Analysis 4. Strategic Planning The Seven Directions Of Knowledge WE MUST CHANGE THIS COMMUNITY “NORM” In time, you will smile again and truly feel it and your laughter will be genuine. But until your pain has gone away, and your sadness disappeared, Don’t feel like you have to be strong. What you’re feeling is real. Don’t feel like your wrong if you want to cry. There are some roads in life we must travel alone, Even though we may be surrounded by people whom we love. Some things in life, such as what you are feeling now, Can’t be felt by anyone but you But just remember, you are not alone at all Everyone who loves you is walking with you in spirit And will be there with you You’ll find a new strength A new piece A new happiness It just takes a little time – You Are Not Alone

Spring 1. Community Organization 2. Community Assessment Summer 3. Issues & Problems Analysis 4. Strategic Planning The Seven Directions Of Knowledge > When you Change the Way You Look at Things – The Things you Look At Change > We move towards and become like that which you think about > To persist until you succeed > The Creator – Elders – Nature will be our teachers > When the Community Leads the Leaders will follow >The Creator only made one race – Red Yellow Black White >We need each other to Heal

Spring Change is from within. Change is from within. Individual must heal. Individual must heal. Changing in the Spiritual Changing in the Spiritual World manifests itself in the Physical World. Changing in the Spiritual Changing in the Spiritual World manifests itself in the Physical World. Summer In order for development In order for development to occur it must be preceded by vision. In order for development In order for development to occur it must be preceded by vision. Families can begin healing. Families can begin healing. If the community starts thinking If the community starts thinking about something together - that’s what the community moves towards If the community starts thinking If the community starts thinking about something together - that’s what the community moves towards Fall Winter A Great Learning A Great Learning must occur. A Great Learning A Great Learning must occur. Communities Heal. Communities Heal. In order for the youth to get In order for the youth to get well - the community must Simultaneously work on it’s own wellness. In order for the youth to get In order for the youth to get well - the community must Simultaneously work on it’s own wellness. You must create a healing forest. You must create a healing forest. Nations can heal. Nations can heal. The whole community The whole community must become part of the self development & self determination process. The whole community The whole community must become part of the self development & self determination process. The Four Laws Of Change

Spring 1. Community Organization 2. Community Assessment The Seven Directions Of Knowledge A Healing Forest – Seed Root Stem Leaves Bulb Flower Nurturing MUST happen at each level for it to thrive

Spring 1. Community Organization 2. Community Assessment Summer 3. Issues & Problems Analysis Fall 5. Community Action Intervention 4. Strategic Planning 6. Evaluation of Initiative The Seven Directions Of Knowledge

SAMHSA SPF

Spring 1. Community Organization 2. Community Assessment Summer 3. Issues & Problems Analysis Fall Winter 5. Community Action Intervention 7. Promoting & Sustaining the Effort 7. Promoting & Sustaining the Effort 4. Strategic Planning 6. Evaluation of Initiative The Seven Directions Of Knowledge

Spring 1. Community Readiness Assessment 2. GONA Training Summer 3. WELLBRIETY Trainings Fall 5. Vision Book 4. Coalition Building 6. Community Visioning Process. 7. Planning & Implementation 75% of Time to Prepare - Build Foundation The Seven Directions of Knowledge Winter

Finding Creator Finding The Elders Wisdom Finding The Elders Wisdom Finding Yourself Finding Your Relationships Relationships

Europeans came to this land looking for “it”. In order to have and keep it they needed to control/change/de-colonize. For them to “have” meant there must be some that did not have. They looked “outside” their own land. I have discovered that as a Native American man - I needed to “Come Home” to find it. I need to look “inward”. “queel ch tim eep” 2005

Underage Drinking (Including Binge Drinking) What Can We Do? The St. Helena Case Study Presentation to: IHS / SAMHSA Behavioral Health Conference San Diego, CA Presented by: Gary B. Neumann Community Prevention Institute (CPI) 771 Oak Ave. Parkway, Suite 2, Folsom, California June 6, 2006

Overview Getting Started Leadership Getting the facts Dimensions of the problem Resources Developing the plan Forming a team Planning for meetings Action plan (resources/timelines) Case study – St. Helena Other considerations

Why The Concern? Nine teens die every day from alcohol related incidents. (S.D. Youth council, 2004) Alcohol kills far more teens than all other drugs combined (S.D. Youth Council) Three leading causes of death for 15 to 24 year olds are automobile crashes, homicides and suicides—alcohol is the leading factor in all three (NIAAA 2003) It has been estimated that over three million teenagers are alcoholics. Several million more have a serious drinking problem they cannot manage on their own (NIAAA 2003)

Getting Started Planning Models Coordinator led Team (school based) Partnership (school/community) Who needs to (can) be involved?

Advantages/Disadvantages AdvantagesDisadvantages Coordinator led Control Buy-in Understand school environment More Work! Team (school based) Coordinator Teacher Students Spread work Understand school environment Youth participation Logistics, getting team together Competing Time Commitment Community Partnership Coordinator Teachers Students Community Spread work (delegate) Task completion more likely Ownership Spread Organizational logistics

Start-Up Issues Leadership Roles and Responsibilities Recruitment Depends on Planning Model Resources Assistance Funding Timeline – 1 year effort minimum

Getting the Facts 1 Dimensions of the Problem SOURCES Survey Data 1. National Data (Household survey, MTF) 2. CSS (State) 3. CHKS – District/school specific CHP 1. Drinking/driving – accidents 2. Drinking/driving – arrests DOJ 1. Adolescent arrests Compile information in easy to understand graphics – they are one of your marking tools. Profile your community. Present community data by demographics (age, gender, ethnicity) Compile information in easy to understand graphics – they are one of your marking tools.

Getting the Facts 1 Dimensions of the Problem SOURCES continued Profile your community Present community data by demographics (age, gender, ethnicity) Compile information in easy to understand graphics –- they are one of your marking tools.

Getting the Facts 2 Identifying Resources WHAT KINDS OF RESOURCES 1. People! What can they contribute? Who can help? Identify all individuals school/community 2. Map the Environment Current programs – list out all programs/resources that could be involved 3. Outside Support Technical assistance 4. Compile resource Inventory

Develop and Implement the Action Plan 1. Form a team Determine type of team Contact members 2. Collect and review ‘Facts’ Dimensions of the problem Potential resources 3. Conduct Planning meetings Introductory meeting Tasking meeting

Develop and Implement the Action Plan continued 4. Conduct additional data collection Example: Youth led focus groups Example: Social norm survey 5. Present Findings and Recommendations Organize Presentation 6. Implementation Identify work group areas (based on recommendations) Solicit additional volunteers Develop process to monitor progress

St. Helena Case Study Background Structure Youth Death (DUI) Concerned Parents Supervisor Involvement Called a planning meeting Meeting Structures (four types) took place over 10 months.

Meetings Structure 1: ‘Matchstick’ Group Membership 5-6 people (met 2x) Purpose Discussed various planning options

Meetings Structure 2: ‘Kindling’ Group Membership people (met 5x) Purpose Review/Discussed next steps/stage Set up Process for focus groups Data Collection Youth Led Focus Groups DATA Collection Process: Youth Led Focus Groups

Meetings Structure 3: ‘Bonfire’ Group Membership Community – 60 plus (met once) Purpose Review findings and recommendations Community members joined one of the 6 work groups

Meetings Structure 4: Work Groups Membership 4-6 per work group Purpose Implement recommendations

Youth Led Focus Groups Process Recruitment (≈ 14 youths) Training (2 Sessions) Questions Developed by planning group Youth Volunteers paid Role played the questions Focus Groups Five Youth-led Sessions Approximately 60 participants (all paid $10/$20) Report Prepared (CPI) Presentation to ‘Bonfire’ Community Meetings

Questions... Ten questions; in three sets SET 1: How Youth spent their time when not in school and percieved opportunities to be involved SET 2: Youth perceptions concerning adult support for them in their communities (ie, do you feel like adults in the community encourages value and value you as part of the community?) SET 3: Role of alcohol and/or drugs in their life

Findings Alcohol use is common 2. Social acceptance of alcohol use by peers 3. Availability and access 4. Reasons to use – differentiated by intent 5. At risk behaviors—lack of concern re: excessive drinking 6. Adult relationships with teen generally positive

Framework for Recommendations 1. Must address issues raised by teens 2. Must be based on approaches demonstrating prior success 3. Must be doable (low cost/minimum resources) 4. Must include community members 5. Must involve youths and adults

Recommendations School Based Risk Management Availability and Access Media Community Development Parent Education and Intervention

Risk Management Recommendations SADD Parent/Child Pledges Harm Reduction Information on Alcohol

Availability Recommendations Responsible Beverage Service Training Enforcement Compliance Checks Social Host Ordinance

Media Recommendations Media Advocacy Awareness Campaigns

Community Development and Youth Leadership Youth Advisory Task Force Friday Night Live Community Development Framework

Parent Education and Intervention Parent Skills Training Brief Intervention Training

Lessons Learned..... Payments important ($ minimal) Youth prepared ‘notes’ were problematic Planning/scheduling is critical Recruitment Diversity (age, student types) Conclusion: Youth led Focus Groups can be an important way to gather information and involve youth

Status 5 of 6 Work Groups meet every month (5-10 members) Special Projects (recommendations) are being pursued Youth media campaign Brief Intervention RBS Place of last drink survey Parents involvement—Family Resource Center Implementation SADD Interest in a SAP

Next Steps.... CPI will work with up to FIVE School Districts in developing / Supporting an Underage Drinking Planning Process Evaluate and Monitor Process for Sustainability and Enhance as Needed

Wolf Project Presentation to: IHS / SAMHSA Behavioral Health Conference San Diego, CA Presented by: Gary B. Neumann Community Prevention Institute (CPI) 771 Oak Ave. Parkway, Suite 2, Folsom, California June 6, 2006

Cherokee Wisdom The Two Wolves One evening an old Cherokee told his grandson about a battle that goes on inside people. He said, "My son, the battle is between two "wolves" inside us all.

One is Evil. It is anger, envy, jealousy, sorrow, regret, greed, arrogance, self-pity, guilt, resentment, inferiority, lies, false pride, superiority, and ego.

The other is Good. It is joy, peace, love, hope, serenity, humility, kindness, benevolence, empathy, generosity, truth, compassion and faith."

The grandson thought about it for a minute and then asked his grandfather: "Which wolf wins?"

The old Cherokee simply replied, "The one you feed."

Wolf Project Dedicated to the Memory of Michael Wolf and all other friends, family and community members that have passed on before their time.

Overview Getting Started Leadership Getting the facts Dimensions of the problem Resources Developing the plan Forming a team Planning for meetings Action plan (resources/timelines) Case study – St. Helena Other considerations – Anderson Valley Model – Local – Video Review Montana Meth Project Case Studies / Flathead Reservation Similar Community

Why The Concern? Eighth graders in rural areas are 59 percent more likely than their counterparts in large cities to use methamphetamine. 44 percent of Montana teens report that meth is easy to get – second only to marijuana. The percentage jumps to 66 percent among young adults ages It is estimated that 122 meth labs requiring decontamination and sanitation cost over $1,000,000. On the Wind River Reservation, meth was rarely found a mere five years ago and now is described as steadily annihilating the reservation’s communities. According to the National Drug Intelligence Center – 32 of every 100,000 people nationwide use meth.

Why The Concern? In Round Valley meth was a contributing factor in 98% of the Child Protective Service placements in December. Meth dealers sell it as a diet aide for adolescents girls, an energy supplement for overworked moms or an escape from everyday reality for bored young adults. Many of the chemicals used to make meth are common items like lantern fuel, household cleaners, nail polish remover, swimming pool cleaner and diet and cold pills, and “lab” equipment can be purchased at a drugstore or hardware store. On the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana meth busts have involved labs packed into duffle bags. In Montana alone, meth related admissions to state approved chemical dependency treatment providers have increased by 70 percent in 5 years.

Why The Concern? A recent article in the Denver Post dubbed Indian Country “meth’s new market”, as drug gangs from other areas move onto reservations, reportedly targeting alcoholic Native Americans as potential new meth addicts. The close-knit nature of reservations aids in the rapid spread of meth use.

Why The Concern? Methamphetamine Related Incidents in Round Valley / 2003 – 15 / 2004 – 23 / 2005 – 51 over 100% increase from the previous year ( source) Bookings with Gang Affiliation – Mendo County (source) Bookings with Gang Affiliation by year – Covelo ( source) conservative estimate as bookings do not get reported as “meth” specific

Current Partners Business – Bar Owner / Real Estate Broker Round Valley Health Center State Alcohol and Drug Program School District – Superintendent / Board of Education / Principal, HS/MS/ES /Nutrition Coordinator, Youth Red Road NAIGSO Mental Health Dept / LCSW Mendocino County Supervisor – Hal Wagenet Private Citizens – Family and Concerned Citizens Domestic Violence Program Juvenile Probation Adult Probation Drug Court Juvenile Justice Commission Recovery Community / NA and AA Yuki Trails Health Center Law Enforcement – Tribal Police / MCSO Housing Authority – Building Horizons Ranching Community – FFA / 4-H / Rodeo

NEED TO BE Partners Round Valley Health Center RVIHC Employees Need to Be Invited State Alcohol and Drug Program School District – Parents / School Teachers/Staff – School Board Members – Principal of High School Principal of Middle School / Principal of Elementary School / Alternative School Round Valley Tribal Council Members / Individually Housing Board Members

Getting the Facts (cont) 1. Outside Support Technical assistance – Community Prevention Institute County Office of Education Grants Foundations White Bison 2. Compile resource Inventory

Project Member Tasks: Meth related stats for RV – DONE School Data – CHKSurvey – C C to administer in Spring 2006 Youth Led Focus Groups – Initial Meeting Feb 1 st / Youth Training – March 1 st / Youth Recruitment efforts and Final Focus Group Training late March or April 1, 2006 Howard Memorial – RV Overdose AODP – Gene Price / Willits – C C Domestic Violence – DONE Juvenile Probation – DONE

TASKS (continued) Probation Dept – M H Juvenile Hall – C C MH – MA / LCSW / MB / AB POMO Court – MS – LD – DR VORP – C C / AO DSS / CPS – LD Law Enforcement - DONE

TASKS (continued) FAITH COMMUNITY - AW Round Valley Health Center – Yuki Trails – MB / AB Fire Dept / EMT – LD OTHER SOURCES – ICWA/ CAL WORKS OTHER – Lions Club / $25,000 Grant from County for Skate Rink

Develop and Implement the Action Plan (Notice what has already been accomplished) 1. Form a team Determine type of team Contact members 2. Collect and review ‘Facts’ Dimensions of the problem Potential resources 3. Conduct Planning meetings Introductory meeting Tasking meeting

Develop and Implement the Action Plan continued 4. Conduct additional data collection Example: Youth led focus groups Example: Social norm survey Example: CHKS in April/May 5. Present Findings and Recommendations 1. Wolf Project Team Members to meet 1 st Wed / Month from 10-1 in Fire Hall 2. Wolf Project Community members agreed to meet 1 st Wed /Month for Community Report Card 6. Implementation Identify work group areas (based on recommendations) Solicit additional volunteers Develop process to monitor progress (Monthly Report Card)

Meetings Structure : Work Groups Membership 4-6 per work group Agreed to have each Meeting or Activity have Spiritual / Cultural Opening and Closing in a Good Way Purpose Implement recommendations

Stories can help people feel more connected to the place where they live. Feeling more connected to a place gives us a better understanding – not just a mental understanding, but an emotional understanding. An emotional understanding and connection helps us to feel we are more a part of the things and to care for a place. It’s easier not to care when you don’t have a connection to a place.

In recent centuries our home has become the legal possession of strangers. We have been restricted from approaching our places of power and spirit. We have become mute witnesses while others despoil the air, the land, the wildlife, the rivers, and the ocean waters. It is said that this world was created for original native people, not for wanderers. But it is the wanderers who have brought a different rule, saying that our ancient laws are of no value.

This may be one of the reasons why we are in a spiritual quandary: not knowing how to become a functioning part of the invading American society, not remembering how to sustain a strict connection with the “knowing” that is our origin – and trembling in the presence of both.

The Round Valley Community has taken the approach to “learn” who they are and educate themselves and their families as to “who are their ancestors and where do they fit” into the community, i.e., land ownership, who lived where, etc. to help youth connect and feel a sense of belonging

To that end they are utilizing a “fan” of eagle feathers or hawk feathers and holding “talking circle” sessions utilizing “respect” “honor” “dignity” when someone talks while holding the fan others see this as “their time” and give them honor to share from their heart.

Youth Led Focus Groups Process Maggie Escobedo-Steele - Consultant Training Session 1 A deep inquiry into what is important for the community to know that can only come from the youth Here are the kind of leaders we want to be Here are the monsters we want to slay WE HAVE K N O W CHOICE N E PI O E TS W D ID L OO E NM D S G E

Youth Led Focus Groups Process (continued) Trainers - Maggie Escobedo-Steele / Gary Neumann / Anne Oliver / Martin Martinez Following Session 1 Group opted to present at evening Report Card Meeting – “they spoke clearly and honestly, describing “the real monsters” in our community as being “alcohol, meth and heroin – and people forcing these drugs on others”. “Adults need to know that we’re tired of all the drugs and alcohol abuse – and the bad community it creates – we are ashamed to say we come from Covelo” (quoted from local newspaper article)

Youth Led Focus Groups Process (continued) Youth learned about Monthly County AOD meeting and asked if they could present their issues and share their concerns about lack of funding for projects in their community – Gained commitment to present and be trained and prepared.

Youth Led Focus Groups Process (continued) Session 2 – Focus Group Training (Planned) Questions Developed by planning group Youth Volunteers paid - Role played the questions Focus Groups Five Youth-led Sessions Approximately 60 participants (all paid $10/$20) Report Prepared (CPI)

Questions... Suggestions for Focus Groups How Common is drug use in Round Valley Do you feel Safe in Round Valley What do you know about meth, alcohol and drug use in Round Valley Do you feel useful or important in your family Does your family say they “love you”?

FINDINGS: Report Focus Group Findings to Larger Community

Framework for Recommendations 1. Must address issues raised by teens 2. Must be based on approaches demonstrating prior success 3. Must be doable (low cost/minimum resources) 4. Must include community members 5. Must involve youths and adults

Recommendations FOR EACH RECOMMENDATION WOLF PROJECT SHOULD MATCH School Based Risk Management Availability and Access Media Community Development Parent Education and Intervention Cultural Aspects / Language / Sweats

Risk Management Recommendations Wolf Project Integrate Other Options - SADD Parent/Child Pledges Harm Reduction Information on Alcohol

Availability Recommendations Responsible Beverage Service Training Enforcement Compliance Checks Social Host Ordinance WHAT COULD OTHER OPTIONS BE

Media Recommendations Media Advocacy Local regular Newspaper Update Awareness Campaigns OTHER OPTIONS

Community Development and Youth Leadership Youth Advisory Task Force-Meet with County and do presentation Friday Night Live Community Development Framework – 40 Assets Training Red Road / White Bison – Bring HOOP to Covelo UNITY ACOA Training at Wellness Day June 24 th

Parent Education and Intervention Parent / Teacher Skills Training Brief Intervention Training Brief Intervention For Parents Training ( Being Developed ) OTHER OPTIONS

Lessons Learned..... Payments important ($ minimal) Youth prepared ‘notes’ were problematic Planning/scheduling is critical Recruitment Diversity (age, student types) Conclusion: Youth led Focus Groups can be an important way to gather information and involve youth

Next Steps....

Community Red Road Pledge I promise not to teach your family how to get high - AND you promise not to teach mine.

1 - WOLF PROJECT COMMITTEE 2 - DRUGS/ALCOHOL IN SCHOOLS COMMITTEE 3 - UNDERAGE DRINKING CRISIS COMMITTEE 4 - MEDIA CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE 5 - AWARENESS/TRAINING CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE

NEXT MEETING Assignments Responsibilities WHAT ARE YOU WILLING TO DO

Community Prevention Institute ca-cpi.org

LEM LMTS’ Thank You in My Salish Language