THE PUBLISHING INDUSTRY Samantha Ball

- The most common used printing technique is Gravure printing, a process similar to intaglio printing which involves engraving an image onto an image carrier. - Mechanical Printing is used excessively within the publishing industry, as it’s a sufficient way of producing products on a large scale. Mechanical Printing

- This printing technique uses Desktop publishing, a process in which involves the creation of documents using page layout skills, as well as produce typographic quality text. - Digital Printing is also used within the publishing industry, as it’s a simple and modern way of producing top quality images for magazines and books. Digital Printing

NEWSPAPER PRINTING How they’re made

- The paper for a newspaper is cheap and thin, as it’s designed to be disposed of when new headlines are out, which saves a lot of money than using higher quality paper The Front Cover - The cheap quality paper is also good for recycling which is beneficial as it is more economically friendly - Desktop publishing would be used to create the layout as it is an easy software to use if you know how to use it and it makes the newspaper look more aesthetically pleasing

- Using the gravure printing, newspapers can be printed on a massive scale as the machines can print between 40 – 70 mph - Although it isn’t aesthetically pleasing, in provides all the right information as it is news stories about what is happening in the world and is only a means of updating A Middle Page

-A printed version is looked over and adjusted several times by a reporter or copy editors, or if another breaking story comes in, the page layout can be altered in minutes -The dummy is transferred to the page layout section, where an operator transfers instructions on the dummy into a rough page prototype - The text file is translated with typeset codes – style, size and width – which is how they appear on the pages of a newspaper - The composing room receives the Newspaper story in an electronic format The Printing Process 1. Typsetting

-When the final page is improved, it is sent to the process department - There, the page is taken from its computer form and is transferred by laser, onto a film in a image setter apparatus 2. Image Transference - It is then tapped down onto a device called a Stripper which are then put into frames on light- sensitive film, where each page is burnt onto

- The light box is switched on, and ultraviolet light develops the image of the pages onto the plate, which is bent at the edges so it can fit into a press, then fitted onto plate cylinders -An aluminium plate containing light- sensitive coating, is placed on top of the image of the pages - The film pages are done two at a time, and are then placed on a lighted box - Three of these negative, the forms which the paper will be printed are composed in a platemaking room 3. Platemaking

- The plates move onto a giant industrial printing press, which when running can be deafening so employees must wear earplugs - Large sheets of blank newsprint are inserted in rolls into the printing press 4. Printing - While the paper runs through the machine, the cylinder presses the images onto it

MAGAZINE PRINTING How they’re made

- The software’s InDesign and Photoshop would have been used, and Photoshop would have allowed the gradient tool to blur out the bottom of the woman’s dress so that the focus is on her face without a close-up shot The Front Cover - The quality of the paper would be better than a newspapers and uses high gloss paper, but it is created to be disposed after reading so it doesn’t need much durability - The high gloss allows the vivid colours to stand out more, which is created by a UV coating after the ink is added to the paper

- The pages of the magazine are stabled together, to add slightly more durability than a newspaper - InDesign would have been used to create a professional layout A Middle Page - The quality of the paper is high gloss throughout, as there needs to be a contrast between the white paper and the black text and images, which makes them a lot clearer and easy to see or read

- The magazine quality is very good but it costs a lot of money to run the machines, buy the necessary materials and software’s, which is why they rely a lot on advertisements from other companies - For an independent company, the magazines wouldn’t be produced on such a large scale as they haven’t got the money, therefore they only produce magazines monthly - Magazines are created by conglomerate companies which sell their magazines in order to make a profit, but independent magazines are self-funded, therefore their magazines are free Magazines

BOOK PRINTING How they’re made

- The software InDesign would have been used to create the layout and Photoshop would have been used to manipulate the text and images to make it look professional The Front Cover - It’s made out of High Gloss Cardboard, as it offers protection to the inside pages as it isn’t made to be disposed of for years - The high quality of the cover also allows a vivid contrast between the pages and images or text, making it look professional

- Again, InDesign and Photoshop will have been used to create a professional look - The pages between the front and back cover are thinner as they’re already protected by the cover, but they’re still high gloss pages, so that the text is easy and clear to read A Middle Page

-Aesthetically, the books look very professional when production is complete, therefore a company would gain a lot of profit, as publications will target different audiences - It is an expensive industry, as the machines can cost up to £6000, not including the cost of employee payment, the materials and electricity, therefore it would only be useful in printing on a larger scale - Publishing books or working within the industry would require a lot of skill, as you’d need experience in using InDesign and Photoshop professionally, as well as being able to work the Gravure Printing machines Publishing Books

CREDITS WEBSITES USED: Google Search Engine Youtube How It’s Made GIF Maker JB Printing REFERENCES 1.About. (2014). Gravure Printing. Available: printing/g/gravure.htm. Last accessed 25/09/ Carr, J. (2012). Mechanical Printing Press. Available: =99KTpZ300hc last accessed 25/09/2014 L. 3.About. (2014). Desktop Publishing. Available: beginners/f/what_dtp.htm. Last accessed 25/09/ ANON. (2009). Digital Printing. Available: =0Ir9XaZzpXA. Last accessed 25/09/ Advameg. (2014). Newspapers. Available: 2/Newspaper.html. Last accessed 26/09/2014. THE PUBLISHING INDUSTRY