Tuesday Warm-Up Get a chromebook. You have 10 minutes to work on your Blendspace lesson from yesterday.

Yalta Conference – February 1945 Allied leaders Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin Roosevelt meet to discuss post-WWII plans Leaders come to agreement on many topics Creation of United Nations Free elections allowed in states in Eastern Europe Russia promises to join the war against Japan Most importantly they agree to a divided Germany

Potsdam Conference –August 1945 Allied leaders Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill and Harry Truman meet again to finalize plans for post-WWII Europe Countries that fought with Hitler lost land and had to pay reparations to the Allies Germany and the city of Berlin divided into 4 zones that were controlled by the United States, France, Great Britain and the Soviet Union

Division of Germany and Berlin

The Marshall Plan(1947) US Secretary of State George Marshall announces a program to help rebuild Europe There was two motives for the Marshall Plan Helping Europe recover economically would provide markets for American products A prosperous Europe would be better equipped to resist the spread of Communism

The United Nations 1945- official establishment of the United Nations International organization whose main goal is to keep peace in the world Meant to replace the failed League of Nations Biggest change is that the United States will be a member of this new organization

Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US U.S. Domestic Policy Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US 1. Promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression 2. Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa 3. Stop the spread of communism 4. Fear of communism and spying in the United States

Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR 1. Create greater security for itself lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges feared a strong Germany 2. Establish defensible borders 3. Encourage friendly governments on its borders 4. Spread communism around the world “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.” Excerpt from Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain Speech.”

The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949 First Area of Conflict The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949 1948: three western controlled zones of Germany united; grew in prosperity due to the Marshall Plan West wanted East to rejoin; Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security. June 1948: Stalin decided to gain control of West Berlin Cuts road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission West responded by airlifting supplies to allow West Berlin to survive May 1949: USSR admitted defeat, lifted blockade Map of Germany divided into zones after WWII A plane flies in supplies during the Berlin Airlift. Map of Berlin divided into zones after WWII Video

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization U.S. Reaction? NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization In 1949 the western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against USSR. It originally consisted of: America, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, some former Soviet republics have applied for membership to NATO. It still exists today!!! Video

Soviet Response? How do you think the Soviet Union Responded to the U.S. and NATO ?

Greatest extent of Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact: organization of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. Established May 14, 1955 in Warsaw, Poland USSR established in in response to NATO treaty Founding members: Albania (left in 1961), Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, East Germany Greatest extent of Warsaw Pact

Senator Joe McCarthy (1908-1957) Red Scare/McCarthyism McCarthy, did the most to whip up anti-communism during the ‘50s. On February 9, 1950, he gave a speech claiming to have a list of 205 Communists in the State Department. McCarthy continued to repeat his groundless charges, changing the number from speech to speech. Some states required loyalty oaths before hiring certain jobs and performing tasks People were scared that neighbors in their communities were communists spies. Senator Joe McCarthy (1908-1957)

McCarthy’s Downfall In the spring of 1954, the tables turned on McCarthy when he charged that the Army had promoted a dentist accused of being a Communist. For the first time, a television broadcast allowed the public to see the Senator as a blustering bully and his investigations as little more than a witch hunt. In December 1954, the Senate voted to censure him for his conduct and to strip him of his privileges. The term "McCarthyism" lives on to describe anti-Communist fervor, reckless accusations, and guilt by association.

House of Un-American Activities Committee FILMS HAD POWER TO CORRUPT AMERICAN PEOPLE BEGAN INVESTIGATING FILM INDUSTRY FOR DISLOYALTY Actors and writers protest the Hollywood Blacklist. “HOLLYWOOD 10” WRITERS, ACTORS, DIRECTORS, AND PRODUCERS JAILED FOR CONTEMPT. MANY IN THE ENTERAINMENT INDUSTRY BECOME “BLACKLISTED” Video

JOSEPH McCARTHY Came to Power in the SENATE Accused many gov’t employees of being COMMUNISTS American People support him out of FEAR Want communits out of gov’t positions.

Spies in the U.S.? MEET THE ROSENBERGS 1. Former members of the U.S. Communist Party 2. Inactive for some time. 3. Accused of espionage (giving Soviets the secrets to the A-Bomb)

Outcome of their trial... Both denied the charges & claimed that they were being targeted because they were Jewish. Died by electric chair in 1953. Significance: First “spies” to be killed. What did this ruling mean for the American population? Was anyone safe from Communism? Should people be scared of Soviet spies in the U.S.?

U.S. Domestic Policy Google Classroom Activity Log in to your chromebook and click on the “U.S. Domestic Policy” activity. Follow directions attached on information sheet for your webquest.