Read and answer the Map Analysis on p. 468 and the questions on the bottom of p regarding exploration and the diffusion of ideas.

Objective: TLW examine the causes of European exploration and the effects on the native people through notes, activity, and discussion.

John Green says…… Watch John Green World History Crash Course #25, The Spanish Empire, Silver, and Runaway Inflation. Ldoshttp:// Ldos

Exploration Throughout high Middle Ages and Renaissance, Europeans more wealthy b/c of trade –fascinated by Far East (Marco Polo) –most countries settled down, kings had consolidated power –new inventions/ideas from East: astrolabe, compass, deep-draft ships, caravel 3 main reasons for European expansion (the 3 G’s): God, glory, gold, conversion of heathen for God, glory for nation/monarch, gold for merchant/ adventurer

American Civilizations

Maya

Maya c AD Central America –had large cities centered around pyramid w/ shrine to gods –city-states w/ hereditary rulers, nobles, artisans/merchants, peasants, slaves –polytheistic, used human sacrifice to appease gods and celebrate events Sophisticated calendar used both solar calendar (365 days) and sacred calendar –don’t know why it declined

Aztec

Aztec c. 1100s-1500s AD Mexico, capital at Tenochtitlan –powerful warriors –believed in human sacrifice –scientific, calculated movement of some planets –believed sign of arrow through a tree meant gods returning (Spanish cross) Conquistador – Spanish military leader who fought against Native Americans –Hernan Cortes- landed 1519 AD, welcomed by Montezuma (king) but soon took him hostage and destroyed Aztec civilization –Aztecs defeated by disease (smallpox) as much as by weapons

Inca

Inca c AD Peru/Chile area –used llamas to transport goods great builders: roads and bridges, monuments w/o mortar (Machu Picchu) –no written language, kept records w/ knotted rope (quipu) Francisco Pizarro- landed 1531 and defeated Incas after leader Atahualpa wouldn’t convert –Incas and Aztecs defeated by disease (smallpox) as much as by weapons

Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator led/financed expeditions down west coast of Africa discovered gold/slaves –1488 Bartholomeu Dias- rounded tip of Africa, called Cape of Good Hope –1498 Vasco da Gama- went around the Cape to India and back set up trading posts throughout South and Southeast Asia, controlled spice trade – Magellan- circumnavigated world

Portuguese

Spanish Christopher Columbus was convinced earth not very big, reach Asia by sailing West from Europe (Columbus was Italian) –reached Cuba- October 1492 Spain and Portugal first main explorers –Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - line of demarcation, east controlled by Portugal, west by Spain

Portuguese and Spanish

England and France Cabot explored coast of Canada; Drake- Pacific NW; Hudson- New England for England Amerigo Vespucci – Italian explorer/mapmaker –Cartographer –journals of New World (Americas b/c him) French explored St. Lawrence Seaway –more traders than settlers, worked w/ Natives English settled into colonies –(Jamestown, Plymouth) –distrusted Natives –expanded, came into conflict w/ French as well as Natives