DO NOW: Label the names of the Continents and Oceans on the worksheet map: 1. NORTH AMERICA 2. SOUTH AMERICA 3. AFRICA 4. ASIA 5. ANTARTICA 6. AUSTRALIA 7. EUROPE A. ARCTIC OCEAN B. ATLANTIC OCEAN C. PACIFIC OCEAN D. INDIAN OCEAN

World Geography Week 2

Review : PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY *FOCUSES ON EARTH’S NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS INCLUDING LAND FORMS, WATER FEATURES, PLANTS, ANIMALS, AND OTHER PHYSICAL FEATURES *STUDIES THE PROCESSES THAT SHAPE THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Review: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY * STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORLD’S PEOPLE (WHERE PEOPLE LIVE AND WHAT THEY DO) *EXAMINES HOW PEOPLE MAKE AND TRADE THINGS THAT THEY NEED TO SURVIVE

The globe A globe is a scale model of Earth. One of the first things you will notice on the globe is the patterns of lines, east and west , and north south. Latitude : east-west direction (Parallells) Longitude: north-south (Meridians) The intersection of these imaginary lines helps us find the location of places.

Latitude / Longitude

Equator and Tropics Equator: an imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the north and south pole. Tropic of Cancer: The parallel 23 ½ degrees north of the equator Tropic of Capricorn: The parallel 23 ½ degrees south of the equator

LATITUDE / LONGITUDE Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator. Longitude is the distance east or west of the prime meridian (Greenwich, England). Latitude and longitude are measured in seconds, minutes, and degrees: 60″ (seconds) = 1′ (minute) 60′ (minutes) = 1° (degree)

NORTH/SOUTH THEN EAST/WEST

PRACTICE IN YOUR TRIAD GROUPS DETERMINE THE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE LATTITUDE OF THE US/CANADA BORDER FROM WASHINGTON TO MINNESOTA? WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE LONGITUDE OF THE EAST COAST WHAT MAJOR CITY IS LOCATED NEAR 41◦N AND 74 ◦ W WHAT COUNTRY IS LOCATED AT 30◦N AND 120 ◦ E WHAT OCEAN IS LOCATED AT 15◦S AND 75◦E THE ARTIC CIRCLE BEGINS AT WHAT LINE OF LATTITUDE? WHAT IS THE APPROXIMATE LATTITUDE/LONGITUDE OF RIO DE JANEIRO BRAZIL

ANSWERS 49 ◦N 75 ◦W NEW YORK CHINA INDIAN OCEAN 70 ◦N 23 ◦S 43 ◦W

DO NOW 9/4/2013 USING YOUR TEXT BOOK PAGE S36 AND/OR WALL MAPS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING: What is the approximate latitude/longitude of Damascus Syria? Name four countries that border Syria. Name the island nation approx. 15⁰ E of Syria. What body of water does this nation rest. What is the straight line distance from Damascus to Ankara Turkey (use distance scale at bottom of map and straight edge paper) What is the approx. latitude/longitude of Ankara Turkey

Answers What is the approximate latitude/longitude of Damascus Syria? 33N 36E Name four countries that border Syria. TURKEY, IRAQ, JORDAN, ISRAEL LEBANON Name the island nation approx. 15⁰ W of Syria. CYPRUS What body of water does this island nation rest. MEDITERRANEAN SEA What is the straight line distance from Damascus to Ankara Turkey (use distance scale at bottom of map and straight edge paper) 500 MI, 805KM What is the approx. latitude/longitude of Ankara Turkey 39N 32E

LATITUDE / LONGITUDE BROKEN DOWN  There are 60 minutes (') per degree, and 60 seconds (") per minute A coordinate might be written 65° 32' 15“ Degrees can also be expressed as decimals: 65.5375 Degrees and decimal minutes: 65° 32.25‘  Degrees, minutes, and decimal seconds: 65° 32' 15.275“ All these notations allow us to locate places on the Earth quite precisely – to within inches

LATITUDE BROKEN DOWN A degree of latitude is approximately 69 miles. A minute of latitude is approximately 1.15 miles A second of latitude is approximately 0.02 miles, or just over 100 feet.

LONGITUDE BROKEN DOWN A degree of longitude varies in size. At the equator, it is approximately 69 miles, the same size as a degree of latitude. The size gradually decreases to zero as the meridians converge at the poles. At a latitude of 45 degrees, a degree of longitude is approximately 49 miles. Because a degree of longitude varies in size, minutes and seconds of longitude also vary, decreasing in size towards the poles.

HEMISPHERES HEMISPHERE: HALVES OF THE GLOBE DIVIDED BY THE EQUATOR AND PRIME MERIDIAN PRIME MERIDIAN: IMAGINARY LINE DRAWN FROM THE NORTH POLE THROUGH GREENWICH,ENGLAND, TO THE SOUTH POLE. THE FOUR HEMISPHERES ARE: NORTHERN HEMISPHERE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE EASTERN HEMISPHERE WESTERN HEMISPHERE

MAP PROJECTIONS

MAP PROJECTIONS CYLINDRICAL CONICAL DESIGNED AS IF A CYLINDER HAS BEEN WRAPED AROUND THE GLOBE MERIDIANS ARE PULLED APART AND ARE PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER INSTEAD OF MEETING AT THE POLES (CAUSES LANDMASS DISTORTION TOWARDS THE POLES) EXAMPLE MERCATOR MAP BENEFITS: SHOWS TRUE DIRECTION AND SHAPE CONICAL DESIGNED AS IF A CONE HAS BEEN PLACED OVER THE GLOBE. ACCURATE ALONG THE LINES OF LATITUDE WHERE IT TOUCHES THE GLOBE. RETAINS ALMOST TRUE SHAPES AND SIZES OF LANDMASSES BENEFITS: MOST USEFUL FOR AREAS THAT HAVE LONG EAST-WEST DIMENSIONS (U.S. RUSSIA)

MAP PROJECTIONS FLAT-PLANE (PLANAR) APPEAR TO TOUCH THE GLOBE AT ONE POINT SUCH AS THE NORTH POLE/SOUTH POLE USEFUL FOR SHOWING TRUE DIRECTION (AIRPLANE PILOTS/SHIP NAVIGATORS) SHOWS TRUE AREA SIZES, BUT DISTORTS SHAPES.

MAP PROJECTIONS

PICK A MAP PROJECTION!

REVIEW http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/k9mod/Mapskill/mod3fl5.swf

DO NOW: USE BOOK PG S38 9/5/2013 !!TEST WED 9/11/2013!!! 1. What Country Is Located At 0⁰ 20⁰e 2. What Is The Capital Of The Country In Question 1? 3. What Country Is Located At 30 ⁰N 30 ⁰E? 4. What Seas Border This Nation In Question 3? 5. What Major River Runs Through This Nation In Question 3? 6. What Is The Approximate Lat/Long Of Cape Town S Africa? 7.What Is The Straight Line Distance From Capetown S Africa To Windhoek Nambia?

Answers Democratic Republic Of The Congo Kinshasa Egypt Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea Nile 34s 18e 750mi / 1300 Km

The Solar System

Key words Planets- major bodies that orbit a star Solar System- The Sun and group of bodies that revolve it Moons- smaller objects that orbit a planet (may also be called a satellite)

Earth’s Four Sphere’s Atmosphere- Envelope of gases that surrounds Earth Lithosphere- Solid crust of the planet Hydrosphere –All of Earth’s Water Biosphere- All of Earth’s life forms

Environment Environment Atmosphere Biosphere lithosphere Hydrosphere