LOW CARB 101 An introduction to a low carbohydrate lifestyle Jacqueline A. Eberstein, R.N.

Why control carbs? As of % of adults in the US were overweight or obese. As of % of adults in the US were overweight or obese. As of % of children in the US were overweight or obese. As of % of children in the US were overweight or obese. Obesity is a major contributor to Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Obesity is a major contributor to Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Other health consequences of excess body weight Hypertension Hypertension Abnormal lipids- elevated LDL and/ or triglycerides, low HDL and small dense LDL particles Abnormal lipids- elevated LDL and/ or triglycerides, low HDL and small dense LDL particles Stroke Stroke Gallbladder disease Gallbladder disease Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Sleep apnea and other respiratory conditions Sleep apnea and other respiratory conditions Cancers including breast, colon and endometrial Cancers including breast, colon and endometrial

Health consequences Gout Gout Kidney stone formation Kidney stone formation Fatty liver disease Fatty liver disease DVT-deep venous thrombosis DVT-deep venous thrombosis PCOS PCOS Infertility Infertility Increased health risks to Mom and baby during pregnancy and delivery Increased health risks to Mom and baby during pregnancy and delivery Negative psychological and social effects Negative psychological and social effects

What has happened? Mid 1970’s major movement to low fat—more carbs often of poor quality replaced fat and protein Mid 1970’s major movement to low fat—more carbs often of poor quality replaced fat and protein Low fat is less satisfying Low fat is less satisfying Increase in convenience foods-high carb and heavily processed Increase in convenience foods-high carb and heavily processed Super-sized portions Super-sized portions Excessive TV time especially for kids Excessive TV time especially for kids Less family meals at home Less family meals at home Child directed advertising Child directed advertising

US consumption data does not support low fat nutrition position “ Most of us would have predicted that if we can get the population to change its fat intake, with its dense calories, we would see a reduction in weight” admits Harlan. “ Instead, we see the exact opposite.” Science Magazine, Harlan j. Onsrud, University of Maine.

Goals for Nutrition Management Successfully achieve weight loss Successfully achieve weight loss Sustain weight maintenance Sustain weight maintenance Promote general health Promote general health Address specific diseases Address specific diseases Be nutritionally sound Be nutritionally sound

Atkins Nutritional Approach The ANA is an easy to follow four phase controlled carb program. The ANA is an easy to follow four phase controlled carb program. Includes supplements and regular exercise. Includes supplements and regular exercise. Addresses rebalancing the bodies’ hormonal systems. Addresses rebalancing the bodies’ hormonal systems. One can consume more calories and lose more weight than on a low calorie diet. This metabolic advantage is supported by several research studies. One can consume more calories and lose more weight than on a low calorie diet. This metabolic advantage is supported by several research studies. Includes satisfying foods that control appetite allowing you to find the “right” amount of food without counting calories. Includes satisfying foods that control appetite allowing you to find the “right” amount of food without counting calories. Does not require low carb products. Emphasizes whole foods. Does not require low carb products. Emphasizes whole foods. Can be individualization to meet each persons needs. Can be individualization to meet each persons needs.

How does the ANA work? Carbohydrates and fat provide fuel for the body. Carbohydrates and fat provide fuel for the body. When carbs are available they are used for energy first. When carbs are available they are used for energy first. Any excess carbs and other foods are stored as fat. Any excess carbs and other foods are stored as fat. When restricting carbs the body burns fat next causing weight loss or weight maintenance. When restricting carbs the body burns fat next causing weight loss or weight maintenance. Controlling the quality and quantity of carbs normalizes blood sugar, insulin, other hormones. Controlling the quality and quantity of carbs normalizes blood sugar, insulin, other hormones. Research has shown improvements in CV risk factors often better than a low fat diet. Research has shown improvements in CV risk factors often better than a low fat diet.

Benefits of controlling carbs Weight loss and maintenance Weight loss and maintenance Improved health indicators-triglycerides, particle size of LDL, improved blood sugar and insulin, HDL, A1C, inflammatory markers Improved health indicators-triglycerides, particle size of LDL, improved blood sugar and insulin, HDL, A1C, inflammatory markers Better mood regulation Better mood regulation Increased alertness and concentration Increased alertness and concentration Cope with stress better Cope with stress better Decreased gastrointestinal symptoms Decreased gastrointestinal symptoms Better and more even energy levels Better and more even energy levels Appetite control, less need to snacks or preoccupation with food Appetite control, less need to snacks or preoccupation with food Decreased need for caffeine for energy Decreased need for caffeine for energy Less reliance on prescription medications Less reliance on prescription medications Less joint stress Less joint stress Less headaches Less headaches

Atkins Nutritional Principals Weight loss Weight loss Weight Maintenance Weight Maintenance Good health and well-being Good health and well-being Disease prevention Disease prevention