 A business is usually defined as a commercial enterprise  Some are run by only one person who carry out all of the required functions  Others employ thousands of people and provide goods and services to people all over the world  Each business can be defined or described by its type of ownership, the goods produced or services offered, the types of jobs provided, or the functions it performs in a community

 Businesses are started by entrepreneurs who see a need, recognize the opportunity, and go into business to meet that need  Business and people need each other – there are many stakeholders – we depend on businesses for products and services, but also for employment  Buy inputs – raw materials, labour, machinery and equipment, and land  Produce outputs – goods and services  Focus on efficient use of resources  Generate profit/surplus

 Who are the stakeholders? – Anyone who has an interest in the success of a business Customers Managers Employees Owners Local Community/Environment Suppliers Government Creditors

Take InputsProcess/ManufactureOutput Costs – Fixed and VariableRevenue Profit

 A group of businesses that all produce similar products is called an industry Example: Automobile manufacturers and automobile parts is the Automobile Industry  Separated into three categories – primary, secondary, and tertiary

Those involved in the first stage of development of products Harvest natural resources that are later used to manufacture products Mining, fishing, agriculture, forestry, and oil and gas extraction are all primary industries Large amounts of money is needed for research, equipment and machinery Automation reduces the need for labour Primary Industry

Manufacture raw materials into finished products Gold and silver ores are refined and made into jewellery Crude oil is refined into machine oil, gasoline, and plastics Wheat is milled into flour and baked into breads and cookies Technology innovations has led to automation with computer assisted design Production is increasing using fewer workers Secondary Industry

Provide services to consumers and other businesses Often involves selling or using products produced by secondary industries Tertiary industries are rapidly expanding creating job opportunities in service occupations Due to advances in technology (including electronics, communications, and computer science and aerospace), an aging population, busy consumers with less free time, and consumer demand for higher quality services Tertiary Industry

Internal and External Influences Marketing Objectives and Strategy Human Resources Production and Operations Management Accounting and Finance External Factors

Internal and External Influences Marketing Objectives and Strategy Human Resources Production and Operations Management Accounting and Finance External Factors Market Analysis Market SizeMarket Size Market SegmentsMarket Segments Marketing Strategy Objectives of BusinessObjectives of Business Niche versus Mass MarketingNiche versus Mass Marketing Marketing PortfolioMarketing Portfolio Market Research Primary and SecondaryPrimary and Secondary The Marketing Mix PricePrice PlacePlace PromotionPromotion ProductProduct

Internal and External Influences Objectives and Strategy Human Resources Production and Operations Management Accounting and Finance External Factors Marketing Legal Structure Sole ProprietorSole Proprietor PartnershipPartnership CorporationCorporation Business Objectives Mission StatementsMission Statements Starting BusinessStarting Business Stakeholders CustomersCustomers SuppliersSuppliers EmployeesEmployees CommunitiesCommunities SWOT Analysis Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and ThreatsStrengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

Internal and External Influences Human Resources Production and Operations Management Accounting and Finance External Factors Marketing Objectives and Strategy Management Structure and Organizational Design Top Managers, Middle Managers, Front Line ManagersTop Managers, Middle Managers, Front Line Managers OperativesOperatives Leadership and Management Styles Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez-FaireAutocratic, Democratic, Laissez-Faire Management by Objectives (MBO)

Internal and External Influences Human Resources Production and Operations Management Accounting and Finance External Factors Marketing Objectives and Strategy Motivation Recruitment and Training of Employees Workforce Planning Communication

Internal and External Influences Production and Operations Management Accounting and Finance External Factors Marketing Objectives and Strategy Human Resources Efficiency and Effectiveness Stock and Quality Control Capacity Utilization Production Methods Economies and Diseconomies of Scale

Internal and External Influences Accounting and Finance External Factors Marketing Objectives and Strategy Human Resources Production and Operations Management Profit and Loss Break Even Point Balance Sheet Budgeting Revenue

Internal and External Influences External Factors Marketing Objectives and Strategy Human Resources Production and Operations Management Accounting and Finance Market Structure Perfect CompetitionPerfect Competition MonopolyMonopoly Imperfect CompetitionImperfect Competition OligopolyOligopoly The Macro-Economy Business CyclesBusiness Cycles Government Objectives and PoliciesGovernment Objectives and Policies The Legal Environment (The Law) Social Responsibility Business Ethics