First Civilizations of North America Chapter 1 – Who Were the First Americans?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Kennewick Man: Science vs. Sacred Rights ( Why Should we Care?) A recent flood washed your grandmother's casket into a riverbed. Since her remains have.
Advertisements

The Peopling of the Americas
Early People of America
Peopling of the Americas. Terms Aboriginal peoples is a collective name for the original peoples of Canada and their descendants. Archaeologists are persons.
9.1 The Earliest Americans
There are always other stories: At Least 15,000 Years of Habitation in North America, Part 1 Early Human Habitation.
Learning about North America’s First Peoples through archaeology Gathering archaeological evidence Traditional archaeological theory Linguistic evidence.
Section 1: The Earliest Americans
Who “discovered” America?. The American Indians Sec 1: The American Indians.
Early Gatherers and Hunters Objective - To define archaeologist and explain the role of an archaeologist. - To explain who the Clovis people were and how.
Pathway to the Americas.  Main Idea:  It is believed that the first people in the Americas came from Asia during the last Ice Age.
Today’s Schedule Turn in Scavenger Hunt Warm Up Binder Check
ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE FIRST PEOPLES Chapter 1 Image Source:
Pathway to the Americas.  Main Idea:  It is believed that the first people in the Americas came from Asia during the last Ice Age.
The First Americans  Who were they?  How did they get here?  When did they arrive?  Where did they come from?
By Karen Phillips. 12/06 Who were the first Americans? When did the first Americans start arriving? Where did they come from? Where did they first enter.
Bering Land Bridge Theory What is a theory? An explanation that is still unproven.
For countless generations the people, the Dene and Inuvialuit have lived in this northern land: the Dene, around the sub-arctic forests, the tundra, mountains,
The First Americans. Unfortunately it is a myth that Christopher Columbus discovered America. He was one of the first Europeans to sail to the Americas.
Warm-Up: Regions Review!
The First Americans. The Ice age effects Glaciation – occurs when the Earth’s temperature drops to very low levels and only snow falls not rain.
North America & Montana Pre-History Early Montana Pre-Historic Peoples Migration Routes Early People of Present-Day Montana.
The Clovis Hypothesis and Its Critics. A) Aboriginal Perspective:  Native peoples originated in North America  Wide variety of aboriginal "creation.
North America’s First Peoples Early Settlement of North America.
6 th Grade Social Studies Unit 3, Lesson 6 Theories of Migration 1.
Early Gatherers and Hunters
Thousands of years ago, North America was uninhabited. When did the first people get here? You are an archaeologist digging in a location where there are.
The Peopling of the Americas. Archaeological evidence suggests that between 50,000 and 13,500 years ago people began to arrive in the Americas.
American History Chapter 1, Section 1 Early Peoples.
Theories of the Origins of the First People
ORIGINS- BEGINNINGS PAGE 6 ANSWER KEY. Where do many Canadian History sources tend to think that our nation’s history began? European exploration
The Peopling of Canada The First People.  Aboriginal people and non- aboriginal people have different understandings about the origins of the first people.
Politics and Native American History Reconstructing the Past.
Do Now Record in Agenda: recent picture of you due next class (size 2x3 to 4x6; you shouldn’t be younger than 12 ) Take out 2 clean sheets of notebook.
Peopling the Americas Creation Stories ArchaeologyLinguisticsPhysical Anthropology & Geology Theories of First People’s Origins sources.
LESSON 3.1- STUDYING PREHISTORIC CULTURES 8 th Grade SC History.
The First Americans. Anasazi Indians The Anasazi Indians adapted to their environment by building homes in the stone cliffs of the U.S. Southwest.
Objective: To Learn about the early Hunters and Gatherers.
Archeology. Workbook Read the following Jacob has always been interested in human history. He wants to know about how they lived thousands of years.
The Peopling of the Americas How did the First Nations Peoples arrive in North America? What evidence is there to support current theories?
Module 1: The First North Carolinians No reading with this PowerPoint.
 Who were they?  How did they get here?  When did they arrive?  Where did they come from?
North America & Montana Pre-History
North America & Montana Pre-History
The First North Americans
ROOTS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE (PRE-HISTORY TO 1500)
Aboriginal Presence: Origins
Chapter 7 – The Native Peoples of Canada
Early Native American Migration
North America & Montana Pre-History
6th Grade Social Studies Unit 3, Lesson 6 Theories of Migration
6th Grade Social Studies Unit 3, Lesson 6 Theories of Migration
9.1 The Earliest Americans
9.1 The Earliest Americans
Chapter 1: Peopling of the Americas
The First Americans Chapter 2 Lesson 1.
Aboriginal Peoples of Canada, 1000 BCE-1600 CE
Migration Theories.
Post Pleistocene Adaptations
The First North Americans
Kennewick Man: Science vs. Sacred Rights (Why Should we Care?)
Humans in North America
Early Human Occupation of the New World
Objectives: Explain why people crossed a land bridge to come to the Americas. Describe how the first Americans spread out to inhabit America.
The First North Americans
Migration theories.
The Peopling of Canada The First People.
North America & Montana Pre-History
The First Americans Who were they? How did they get here?
Presentation transcript:

First Civilizations of North America Chapter 1 – Who Were the First Americans?

The Earliest Americans Who were the earliest Americans? We know that at some time in the past no people lived in North or South America.We know that at some time in the past no people lived in North or South America. We have been taught that big game hunters crossed the Bering Land Bridge and spread out across the continents.We have been taught that big game hunters crossed the Bering Land Bridge and spread out across the continents. But is this simple scenario the whole story?But is this simple scenario the whole story? Evidence from scientific fields (archaeology, physical anthropology, paleontology, climatology, and geology) suggests more complex events that reach back in time, long before the land bridge.Evidence from scientific fields (archaeology, physical anthropology, paleontology, climatology, and geology) suggests more complex events that reach back in time, long before the land bridge. To date, the oldest archeology sites are found in South America rather than North America. And so far, the oldest sites found in the United States are in the southeast.To date, the oldest archeology sites are found in South America rather than North America. And so far, the oldest sites found in the United States are in the southeast. How do we interpret intriguing and often conflicting hints about the past?How do we interpret intriguing and often conflicting hints about the past? Friends of America’s Friends of America’s Past ( A non-profit organization dedicated to advancing and promoting the rights of scientists and the public to learn about America’s past)

Pre 1492… Until recently, most anthropologists have accepted the hypothesis… The ancestors of the indigenous peoples of the Americas must have come from Asia by way of Beringia, the now-sunken link between Alaska and Siberia. Beringia becomes dry ground during ice ages, when global cooling locks sea water into ice and sea level drops. The most recent ice age hit its last peak about 12,000 years ago.

Beringia hypothesis and the argument that big- game hunters using Clovis points were the original people of the Americas, presumably having unknowingly followed their prey from Siberia into an unpopulated western hemisphere. Stone points of the distinctive Clovis design were made for about five hundred years, apparently, beginning 12,000 years or more in the past. Clovis stone points were first found about seventy years ago associated with mammoth bones near Clovis, New Mexico. The people who made them are called Paleoindians by anthropologists.

Evidence for an earlier arrival? Original hypothesis…original inhabitants here for just 4,000 years… New hypothesis… Clovis points were persuasive evidence for an earlier date…maybe 40,000 years ago?!?!

North American Sites Meadowcroft Rockshelter, PA ( kya).Meadowcroft Rockshelter, PA ( kya). Wilson Butte Cave, Idaho (14.5 kya)Wilson Butte Cave, Idaho (14.5 kya) Cactus Hill, VA (17 kya)Cactus Hill, VA (17 kya) Bluefish Caves, Alaska (24.8 kya)Bluefish Caves, Alaska (24.8 kya) Topper, SC (16-15 kya)Topper, SC (16-15 kya) Little Salt Spring (13.4 kya)Little Salt Spring (13.4 kya)

Monte Verde, Chile Broader agreement about another site, called Monte Verde, that seems to show that people with a well-developed culture were living in what is now southern Chile no later than 12,500 years ago. Archeologists have found well- made tools of bone, tusk, and stone, and evidence of a medicine hut and substantial timber-framed structures covered with hides.

Monte Verde, Chile

New Theories… Some anthropologists now hypothesize… Ancestors of indigenous Americans were not a few hunters wandering eastward across Beringia … But rather diverse groups of people who traveled by boat as well as on foot and came in many waves by many routes over many centuries.

Support for the argument that at least two distinctly different groups lived in one region of North America at about the same time… State of Washington, 1996 Anthropologists identified the bones as those of a man they described as proto-caucasian… “Kennewick Man.”Kennewick Man Very different from the bones of later Indian people. Same region and period… Suggest a common origin with the proto-Caucasian Ainus ( “I knew”), the indigenous people of Japan. Archeologist Jim Chatters and Kennewick Man reproductions, and Newsweek cover

United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1849 C St. NW Washington, D.C Memorandum To: Assistant Secretary, Fish and Wildlife Parks Through: Director, /s/Jackie Lowey for Robert G. Stanton From: Departmental Consulting Archeologist /s/Francis McManamon Subject: Determination that the Kennewick Human Skeletal remains are “Native American” for the Purposes of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) First Federal Decision

Native Science: Nez Perce, Umatilla, Yakama, and Colville Tribes are united in their request to bury the remains of Kennewick Man, whom they believe may be one of their ancestors. Western Science: Eight scientists wish to use the remains of Kennewick Man to conduct research Court Decision: No reburial for Kennewick Man. The U.S. Magistrate agreed with the scientists. Some Kennewick body parts would be ground up for DNA testing, including some at the Univ. of AZ. OCTOBER 2002 AP BULLITEN Second Decision – a Federal Court