Structure and Function of Cells

Cell Membrane Outer Shell of the Cell Separates the cell from the external environment Regulates what comes into and out of the cell Security system of the cell

Cytoplasm Jelly Like mixture Contains molecules and small cell parts(organelles) Contains enzymes to drive chemical reactions

DNA Long molecule containing information Controls cells activities Mutations can cause irregular cell division Complex instructions

Nucleus Controls cells activities Stores DNA Large, Round/Oval Shape Is made up of the following parts: Nuclear Membrane DNA Nucleolus In both Plant and Animal Cells

Nuclear Membrane Surrounds Nucleus Selectively Permeable Controls what moves into and out of the nucleus Both Plant and Animal Cells

Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus Creates Ribosomes Both Plant and Animal Cells

Mitochondrion (Mitochondria) Bean shaped with inner membranes Breaks down sugar molecules into energy Both Plant and Animal Cells

Ribosome Small bodies that are free within the cell or attached to E.R. Produce Proteins Created by the Nucleolus Both Plant and Animal Cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Network of tubes or membranes Carries materials through the cell Smooth and Rough ER Rough ER have Ribosome attached Both plant and animal cells

Vacuole Fluid-filled sacs Store food, water, waste Plants store large amounts of food, have large vcacuoles Both Plant and Animal Cells

Golgi Bodies Packages proteins for transport Tubes and membranes Thought of as UPS or Post Office of the cell

Lysosome Small, round with a membrane Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller pieces Digests old cell parts Uncommon in Plants, common in Animal Cells

Plant Cell Parts Parts that are common only in Plant cells include: Cell Wall Chloroplast Chlorophyll

Cell Wall Outer Layer of Plant Cell Rigid, strong Made of cellulose Provides Support, Protection Allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell

Chloroplast Green, oval Uses energy from sun to make food for the plant Contain Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll Very small, round, green Provide pigment to the plant Used during photosynthesis