Masonry Details

Masonry Categories Clay Masonry Concrete Masonry made of burned clay, shale, fire clay or combo shaped in plastic state fired in kiln at high temperatures to bond mat’l Concrete Masonry made of dry portland cement, aggregates, water compacted in forms by vibration cured under controlled temperature & moisture aging necessary for maximum strength

Clay Masonry Units Solid Masonry brick (standard) can contain holes, called cores, up to 25% of area wide range of colors and surface textures Hollow Masonry (exceeds 25% core area) structural clay tile (shapes of concrete block) Architectural Terra Cotta flue liners roof tiles surface pavers

Concrete Masonry Concrete Block Special Units hollow solid decorative split faced faced block

Why Masonry vs. Wood Fireproof Durable Long lasting Good compressive strength Low maintenance Immune to termites & rotting No corrosion

Brick Sizes Net vs. Nominal Regional Size difference Mortar Joint Net - actual size of brick Nominal - brick + mortar joint Regional Size difference Mortar Joint joint between bricks commonly 3/8” range 1/4” to 1/2”

Brick Sizes Brick Dimensions Example width x height x length Nominal 4 x 3 x 8 Net 3-5/8 x 2-5/8 x 7-5/8

Brick Positions 6 possible positions stretcher shiner header rowlock soldier sailor

Methods of Stacking Bricks

Joint Terminology Mortar placed between layers of brick/block made of sand, cement, and lime strength of mortar bond (High) M, S, N, O, K(Low) Each row of brick is called a wythe. Two rows of brick is termed two wythe of brick Joint terms collar, bed, and head

Joint Finishes Selected based on appearance shadow patterns water drainage surface endurance

Brick Walls Cavity Grout space between 2 wythe of bricks airspace filled with grout & steel rebar Grout sand, cement, and small aggregate sloppy solution poured in cavity

Concrete Block Block Dimensions Example width x height x length Nominal 8 x 8 x 16 Net 7-5/8 x 7-5/8 x 15-5/8

Concrete Block Also called Molded Concrete Units Materials Cores portland cement, sand, aggregates (90% by weight) and water Cores Air spaces in concrete block Used for reinforcement/insulation Compression strength 700 to 1800 psi (pounds per square inch)

Concrete Block Types Standard (8 x 8 x 16) nominal Width variations 4” 6” 8” 10” 12”

Concrete Block Types Sash block also called a Jamb block Width variations 6”, 8”, 10”, 12” Slot design slot on end allows for attachment of metal or wood door and windows frames

Concrete Block Types Lintel Width variations U-shaped piece for use over windows & doors Width variations 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”

Concrete Block Types Bond block Width variations notch on top to allow for horizontal reinforcing Width variations 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”

Concrete Block Types Cap or paving unit Used to cap off the open unit at the top of a wall

Problems with Masonry Efflorescence surface discoloration caused by water-soluble salts in cement which are sulfates of sodium and caused by insoluble carbonates from continuous water penetration over a long period of time occurs during high-humidity and low-temperature conditions high chance happening with grouted walls

Construction Considerations Masonry is poor in insulation (R) value add rigid insulation or fill with insulation Think Modular all block and opening width dimensions are multiples of 8” eliminates cutting reduces costs

Brick Representation in Section Simplest Cavity Detailed Which symbol used depends on office practice and/or detail scale.

Block Sections A - don’t use B - military C-F - supported by various organizations Symbol used depends on scale of detail

Assignment Create the following details for sheet S-2: 1/S-2 2/S-2 HINT: Look through the class architecture folder again!!!!!!