Chapter 3 The English Colonies Pages 64-93

Section 1- Objectives The New England Colonies Pages 66-72 1. Describe the problems that Puritans faced in England. 2. Explain why Puritans emphasized education. 3. Understand the role that women played in New England. 4. Identify incidents that threatened stability in Massachusetts.

The Pilgrims Pilgrims had left England due to religious conflict. They viewed themselves as wanderers, looking for a place that was safe to worship. Separatists-broke with the Anglican Church. Puritans-radical pilgrims, who wished to “purify” the Anglican Church of all Catholic rituals and traditions.

Plymouth Colony The Pilgrims ended up in the Massachusetts Cape Cod Bay and decided to stay. Mayflower Compact-self-governing colony based on majority rule of male church members. Governor elected-John Carver Squanto-Patuxet Indian who spoke English. He taught the Pilgrims the skills for survival in the new world.

Pilgrims Continued Some of the Separatists/Pilgrims went to the Netherlands which was more religious tolerant. Many were forced into work that was low pay and the work was unskilled. William Bradford-sought permission to settle in the Hudson River area from the Virginia Company

The Great Migration Most Puritans stayed in England and did not leave the Anglican Church. The crown opposed any reform. James I and his son Charles wanted to stop any dissent. The Puritan’s faced hard economic times in England. In the 1620s crop failure and depression in the wool industry hit the farmers and weavers.

The Great Migration Cont. Great Migration-began in 1630 when 40,000 people moved to the Americas. Many went to the West Indies, 10,000 to 20,000 settled in Massachusetts. 1642-Civil War broke out between the Royalists and the Puritans. Puritans won, which put Oliver Cromwell into power from 1653-1658.

Massachusetts Bay Colony 1629-A group of wealthy Puritans obtained a royal charter to establish a colony known as The Massachusetts Bay Company. The group didn’t want to break all ties with England or the Anglican church. John Winthrop was their leader and wanted to establish a mission, and example of a model community.

Massachusetts Bay Colony Cont. The Massachusetts Bay Company allowed for Winthrop and other to govern. They could not violate English law. The colony was a place that was guided by English law and the Bible. The outcome was to work together for the common good. Voting rights were given to only freemen who were church members and property owners. Women did not have the right to vote.

Massachusetts Bay Colony Cont. New England Way-Cooperation between church and state. The meetinghouse was where the Puritans held both town meetings and church services, this symbolized cooperation. Everyone in the community had to live a moral life. Puritans believed in predestination which met that the all-knowing God had already determined who would be saved. Strict self-examination could reveal clues who would be chosen.

Massachusetts Bay Colony cont. The New England Way depended on people who were educated and could understand the Bible. General Court required parents to teach children how to read. 1636-Harvard College was founded and was the first college in North America. The college was to train young men in the ministry.

Massachusetts Bay Colony cont. 1647-A law was passed for town to maintain schools. “Old Deluder Law,” was designed to keep Satan away, so Satan had no control over the Scriptures. 1701-Yale College was founded, due to the idea that Harvard had departed from the church doctrine.

Puritan Education Activity Everyone will be divided into small groups. Groups discuss the value of literacy and education in Puritan society. Groups will create a poster with words and pictures, explaining and supporting Puritan educational campaigns. Students will display posters and discuss in class.

New England Life Women and Families Puritans believed that orderly families were essential to a stable society. Women were expected to obey their fathers or husbands. Court records show that women did reject the authority of their husbands. Some won court cases about not providing for the family.

New England women didn’t work in the fields, but did help with harvest New England women didn’t work in the fields, but did help with harvest. Women did many other tasks on the farm. Made things for their families such as: soap, candles, yarn, clothes, butter, and cheese. Families were large, with many having at least six children or more. People survived well into adulthood, due to plentiful food and escaping diseases.

Commerce Most families didn’t need extra labor due to large families. Even though slavery did exist in New England. New England residents turned to fishing, trade, and business. Residents also distilled rum and built ships. New Englander’s sold fish, grain, lumber, meat, and naval stores to England, Spain, Portugal, and West Indies. Trade took place with other American colonies.

Scrapbooks Working in small groups. Imagine you are Puritan children living in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Each group is to create a short family scrapbook in honor of its mothers and sisters. Scrapbooks should fully depict the roles of women in colonial New England. The scrapbooks might include letters, drawings, recipes, inspirational sayings, and so on.