Jessica Agee, Meredith Bowers, Deletra Harmon, Stevie Leonard, Brittany Nelson & Jamie Womack

 The China Study The China Study

 Does an animal based diet elevate sex hormones?

 Are hormone levels related to greater breast cancer risk?

 “Diet and Sex Hormones in Girls”  Dorgan, Hunsberger, McMahon, Kwiterovich, Lauer, Van Horn, Lasser, Stevens, …Taylor  Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial  Adolescent girls consumed low-fat, low animal- based foods for seven yrs.  Results: diet lowered estrogen levels (20-30%)  Limitations

 “Dietary Fat Reduction and Plasma Estradiol Concentration in Healthy Postmenopausal Women”  Prentice, Thompson, Clifford, Gorbach, Goldin & Byar  73 postmenopausal women  Results: when consumption of daily dietary fat fell upwards to 50%, levels of estrogen went down  Limitations

 “Changes in Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Insulin, and Serum Lipids in Postmenopausal Women on a Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet Combined with Exercise”  Tumchuk, Tessler & Banard  Does a low-fat, high-fiber diet with exercise affect post- menopausal women’s hormone levels?  Results:  SHBG levels increased  Insulin decreased  Serum lipid levels decreased  Limitations

 “Reduction of Serum Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women Given Free Access to a Low Fat, High Carbohydrate Diet”  Heber, Ashley, Leaf & Barnard  Thirteen postmenopausal women had access to a low-fat diet  Results: estrogen levels decreased  Limitations

 “Reproductive Factors and Breast Cancer”  Kelsey, Gammon, John  A literary review  Examines correlation with increased estrogen levels and risks of breast cancer  No Results  Limitations

 “Western diet and western diseases: some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and association”  H. Adlercruetz  Literary Review  Connections between diet and Western diseases  Results: A Western diet with high-fat and protein intake and a low intake of fiber and complex carbohydrates and whole grains is associated with high plasma sex hormone levels  Limitations

 Outdated  Irrelevant  Not generalizable  Correlation  Doesn’t prove causation

 Adlercruetz, H. (1990). Western diet and Western diseases; some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations. Scandinavian journal of clinical & laboratory investigation, 50,  Campbell, T. C., & Campbell, T. M. (2006). The China Study: Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss, and Long-term Health. Dallas, TX: Benbella Books, Inc.  Dorgan, J.F., Hunsberger, S.A., McMahon, R.P., Kwiterovich, P. O., Lauer, R. M., Van Horn, L., Lasser, N. L., Stevens, V. J., …Taylor, P. R. (2003) Diet and sex hormones in girls: findings from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 95(2),  Dorgan, J. F., Longcope, C., Stephenson, H., Falk, R. T., Miller, R., Franz, C., Kahle, L., Campbell, W. S., Tangrea, J. A., & Schatzkin, A., (1996) Relation of prediagnostic serum estrogen and androgen levels to breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 5,  Heber, D., Ashley, J. M., Leaf, D. A., & Barnard, R. J. (1991) Reduction of serum estradiol in postmenopausal women given free access to low fat, high carbohydrate diet. Nutrition, 7(2)  Kelsey, J.L., Gammon, M.D., & John, E.M. (1993). Reproduction factors and breast cancer. Epidemiologic Reviews, 15(1),  Prentice, R., Thompson, D., Clifford, C., Gorbach, S., Goldin, B., & Byar, D. (1990). Dietary fat reduction and plasma estradiol concentration in healthy postmenopausal women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 82,  Tumchuk, C. N., Tessler, S. B., & Banard, R. J. (2000). Changes in sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin, and serum lipids in postmenopausal women on a low-fat, high-fiber diet combined with exercise. Nutrition and Cancer, 38(2), doi: /S NC382_3