EFFECTS OF THE REFORMATION The Counter- Reformation

Causes of the Reformation Humanist values led people to question church authority. Some clergy were corrupt, worldly, or poorly educated. Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses. The printing press helped spread Reformation ideas.

1) Many Protestant sects developed St. Paul UMC St. Gerards Catholic Church St. Charles Catholic Church Shawnee Alliance Shawnee Presbyterian Crossroads Church Lima Community Church of the Nazarene

2) Church Leaders Reformed the Church Jesuits  Founded by Ignatius of Loyola  Jesuit colleges: Georgetown, Xavier, Loyola, Walsh-Jesuit  Concentration on education

2) Church Leaders Reformed the Church (Cont’d) Council of Trent  Convened by Pope Paul III in  Delegates examined criticisms made by Protestants of the Catholic Church  Addressed the abuses of the church:  Corruption of the church  Training of priests was regulated  Financial abuse was curbed  Sale of indulgences was abolished

Women in the church Roman Inquisition Church court established by the Catholic church Tried people who were accused of being Protestant, practicing witchcraft, or breaking church law. 2) Church Leaders Reformed the Church (Cont’d)

3) Religious Intolerance & Anti-Semitism Increased Renewed zeal for Catholic faith Persecution and hysteria  Heretics  witchcraft Political Effects  Rising sense of nationalism  Protestant Reformation encouraged the formation of independent states & nation  Separation of church & state

4) Religious Conflicts  Religious conflicts spread across Europe.  Italian Wars  Spain & France fought for control of Italian peninsula  Significance: Italian renaissance expanded throughout Europe  Peasants’ Wars  Took place in Germany  Peasants were upset with high taxes & lack of power.

Effects of the Reformation Many Protestant sects developed. Church leaders reformed the Catholic Church. Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increased. Religious conflicts spread across Europe.