World Film History III Canada, Australia, New Zeeland

Canada: framework Early beginnings: documentary films sponsored by the Canadian Pacific Railroad Fiction largely left for the US and to a lesser degree to UK film industries First feature film, Evangeline in1913 was a critical and financial success; subsequent films were less well received → company folded in 1915 Some developments in the 1920s, sound caused a setback Documentary dramas and films blending fiction and nonfiction Feature production restricted to the "quota quickies”

National Film Board of Canada established in 1939 Canadian Co-operation Project ( ) Much of creative talent emigrates to Hollywood or UK Canadian Film Development Corporation established in 1967 to co-ordinate investments, loans and grants Financial incentives and tax benefits massively increase the amount invested in Canadian production National Film & Video Policy reflects a more artistically ambitious orientation but mainly geared for potential television release – CFDC becomes Telefilm Canada Low-budget independent production emerges from every region of the country Canadian Film Centre (CFC) founded in 1988 – part of funding to be raised from non-government sources

Canadian New Wave films Phillip Borsos: The Grey Fox (1982) David Cronenberg: Scanners (1980), Videodrome (1981), The Fly (1987), Naked Lunch (1991), Crash (1996), A Dangerous Method (2011) Atom Egoyan: Adjuster (1991), Exotica (1994), The Sweet Hereafter (1997), Chloe (2009) Patricia Rozema: I've Heard The Mermaids Singing (1987), White Room (1990), When Night Is Falling (1995) Deepa Mehta: Sam and Me (1990), Water (2005), Bollywood/Hollywood (2011) Denys Arcand: Le déclin de l'empire américain (1986), Jésus de Montréal (1989), Love and Human Remains (1993), Les Invasions barbares

Australia - framework First fiction film Early Christian Martyrs (1899), sponsored by the Salvation Army. The Story of The Kelly Gang (1906) – the first ever multireel film? A never equalled quantitive peak in 1911 US & UK vertical organization made it difficult for local productions to get screened Mainly documentary films under the auspices of the Australian Film Board (1945) No feature films between 1959 and 1966 US & UK co-productions in the late sixties

Australian film Development Corporation (AFDC) set up to encourage quality production and to seek international distribution In the 1970s The Experimental Film Fund (EFF) was founded to foster creative talent Many film co-operatives appear → nearly 400 films between 1970 and 1985 Tax incentive system set up in t he early 1980s to encouraged private investors to fund local films → production expanded, but the system was soon abused

Films and Filmmakers George Miller: Mad Max (1979), Mad Max 2 (1981), Babe – Pig in the City (1998) Gillian Armstrong: My Brilliant Carreer (1979), Peter Weir: Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975), Gallipoli (1981) Stephan Elliott: The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert (1994) Paul Hoogan: Muriel's Wedding (1994) Baz Luhrman: Strictly Ballroom (1992), William Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet (1996), Moulin Rouge (2001), Australia (2008) Phillip Noyce: Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002)

New Zeeland - framework Three films based on Maori stories, and directed by Gaston Melies (1913): Loved by a Maori Chieftainess, Hinemoa and How Chief Te Ponga Won His Bride. In the following 30 years some 28 films produced National Film Unit (1941) Next 30 years only three local feature films shot, but the unit serves as a training ground State subsidy distributed by the New Zeeland Film Commission (1978) gives rise to new directors National Film Unit (1981) founded in Wellington New Zealand film industry "one of the wonders of the world... an unparalleled success story"

Films and Filmmakers Roger Donaldson: Sleeping Dogs (1977), Smash Palace (1982), The World’s Fastest Indian (2005) Geoff Murphy: Goodbye Pork Pie (1980), Utu (1983), Vincent Ward: Vigil (1984), The Navigator (1988). Jane Campion: An Angel at My Table (1990), The Piano (1993), Portrait of a Lady (1996), Holy Smoke (1999) Peter Jackson: Brain Dead (1992), Heavenly Creatures (1994), Forgotten Silver (1995), Lord of the Rings I-III ( ) Lee Tamahori’s Once Were Warriors (1994)

Atom Egoyan: Sweet Hereafter Based on a novel by Russell Banks – he appears n the film as the doctor Setting changed from Upstate New York to Canada Won several prices and has been voted among the best Canadian film ever made How can fiction deal with ethical issues such as dealing with other people’s traumatic losses? Can winning a lawsuit help alleviate the pain? How do people’s relationships affect the way they see – or at least claim they see – the way things work out? Watch for – and listen to – the Pied Piper theme