Chapter 28 Pop Art Op Art

Pop Art In the late ’50s and the ‘60s there was a reaction against the nonfigurative Abstract Expressionists- It resulted in the return of the OBJECT

Pop Art Imagery from: Commercial sources Mass Media Everyday life

Pop Art Mundane objects Elevating everyday objects to the status of artistic imagery

Robert Rauschenberg Rejected the seriousness of abstract expressionism Always experimented with new styles “Once a certain technique or method became easy, I would give it up and try something else,”

Robert Rauschenberg Collage, inspired by Picasso RETROACTIVE I, 1964

Astronaut floating in space Sunkist oranges Takeoff of Duchamp’s Nude Descending a Staircase Falling astronaut and falling paint symbolize the Fall of Man Kennedy is compared to God and Christ Rauschenberg

Created the Combine Combinations of objects Which earned him a place in art world Bed, 1955

Rauschenberg Monogram, 1959 Stuffed angora goat with tire Magazine cut-outs and paint on base Dada influence

Rauschenberg Trophy II (for Teeny and Marcel Duchamp), 1960 oil, charcoal, paper, fabric, metal on canvas, drinking glass (not original), metal chain, spoon 90 x 118 in.

Jasper Johns Influenced by Duchamp Friend of Rauschenberg He’s another bridge between Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art

Jasper Johns Use of numbers and letters are derived from Picasso’s collages

Jasper Johns Take a familiar object. Do something to it. Do something else to it. Three Flags,1958

Jasper Johns

Influence of Duchamp’s ready-mades Painted Bronze, 1962

Happenings The Pop Art era also had many “happenings” unrehearsed and improvised demonstrations with painting, assemblage, television, radio, film, and artificial lighting.

Andy Worhol Born in 1928 in Pittsburgh. He studied commercial art. In New York, he worked as an illustrator for magazines like Vogue and Harpar's Bazaar. Became famous for his shoe illustrations

Big on self promotion Made himself into a work of Pop Art Central figure in the movement Andy Worhol

1952, Andy Warhol had his first one-man 1963, he went into filmmaking, producing more than 80 films. an early film was SLEEP (1963) in which the camera remained fixed on a man sleeping for the duration of eight hours.

Andy Worhol He created a studio called The Factory in 1962 and hired “art workers” to create prints, films, and other art projects. Became a popular hangout for celebrities in the ‘60s, many of whom were featured in Warhol’s work

Andy Worhol Silk screening allowed him to mass produce his art with help in the Factory Marilyn, he mixes up his color themes

Andy Worhol In 1965, Warhol started to sponsor the rock group called Velvet Underground. In July 1968, Warhol was shot two in the chest by a woman from his factory. He died February 22, 1987 from complications after a gall bladder operation.

Andy Worhol He used ordinary mass- produced objects which he exhibited in the context of a gallery. He liked mass production- “I want to be a machine” Created in Screenprint on paper.

Andy Worhol He depicts an icon of American pop culture in the traditional diptych format. Elvis is shown in an aggressive stance with his gun drawn transforming the conventional image of a cowboy into that of a pop star. Elvis l and ll, Silkscreen

Worhol The electric chair is an a highly recognizable and strong image of death. Many believe he wanted to explore the banality of death in our society and in the context of state endorsed, industrialized killing. Part of his “Death and Disaster” series and multiple electric chair images.

Worhol

Roy Lichtenstein made comic book-like paintings. Slick, highly stylistic The Engagement Ring, 1961

Roy Lichtenstein Blam, 1962

Roy Lichtenstein Little Big Picture, 1965 Refers to “Custer’s last stand” at little Bighorn

Roy Lichtenstein These are the sculptures he made later on in life (1990) Bronze Painted in the style of his comic book paintings

Claes Oldenberg Born in Stockholm, settled in Chicago in 1936 Attended Yale before studying at the Art Institute of Chicago Moved to New York and began performance art and outdoor monuments

Claes Oldenberg Exaggerations of everyday objects Creates tactile urges American advertising, manufactured objects, and fast food Public sculpture and permanent monuments

Claes Oldenberg Spoonbridge and Cherry 52’ across a pond

Claes Oldenberg

Op Art, Mid ‘60s a style of ART that uses precise lines and shapes to create OPTICAL ILLUSIONS

Op Art Bridget Reilly Her work tends to undulate and wiggle. She controls and disturbs the viewer’s eye.

Op Art Bridget Reilly

Chapter 29 Innovation Continuity Globalization

Return to Realism Chuck Close Chuck Close Richard Estes Richard Estes Duane Hanson Duane Hanson Ron Mueck Ron Mueck

Chuck Close

American artist Painter, photographer, printmaker He is famous for his work as a Photo Realist

Chuck Close

Richard Estes

Large crisp, clear paintings= Super Realism Reflections

Richard Estes

Duane Hanson Trompe-l’oeil- fool the eye Polyester resin, fiberglass

Duane Hanson

Ron Mueck

Architecture

Frank Gehry Unstable look, asymmetrical, sweeping curved lines Deconstructive Architecture

Frank Gehry

Frank Gehery

I.M. Pei

JFK Library

I.M. Pei