World War I Begins “The world must be made safe for democracy” Chapter 19 Section 1

Terms and Names Militarism Central Powers Allies Archduke Franz Ferdinand “no man’s land” trench wars LusitaniaZimmermann note

Long Term Causes of World War I NationalismImperialismMilitarism System of Alliances

To remember the causes... Think MAIN Think MAIN M ilitarism System of A lliances I mperialism N ationalism

Nationalism National interests and unity should be placed ahead of global cooperation National interests and unity should be placed ahead of global cooperation Foreign affairs should be guided by national self - interests Foreign affairs should be guided by national self - interests

France and Germany competed for European leadership France and Germany competed for European leadership Russia and Hungary – Austria competed for influence over Serbia Russia and Hungary – Austria competed for influence over Serbia Poland wanted to be independent Poland wanted to be independent

Imperialism Taking over weaker territories for military / political and economic reasons Taking over weaker territories for military / political and economic reasons As Germany became more industrialized, they competed with France and Britain for colonies that supplied raw materials As Germany became more industrialized, they competed with France and Britain for colonies that supplied raw materials

Militarism Militarism – the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy Militarism – the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy

German Militarism Germany was the strongest nation on the European continent Germany was the strongest nation on the European continent Set up an army reserveSet up an army reserve Drafted and trained the young menDrafted and trained the young men Kaiser Wilhelm II decided to increase Germany’s navy as well Kaiser Wilhelm II decided to increase Germany’s navy as well

The Naval Race Great Britain had the most powerful navy in the world Soon other countries began to compete in navy strength and size

The Alliance System Countries signed treaties that committed them to support one another if they faced attack Formed two major groups the Triple Entente (the Allies) the Triple Alliance

The Triple Entente France Great Britain Russia The Triple Alliance GermanyAustria–Hungary Italy Italy

An Assassination Leads to War June 28, 1914 June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand The archduke and his wife were shot by a member The archduke and his wife were shot by a member of the Black Hand

Gavrilo Princip Belonged to a secret society (The Black Hand) Wanted to unite all Serbs under one government

The assassination started a diplomatic crisis The assassination started a diplomatic crisis Austria – Hungary declared war against Serbia Austria – Hungary declared war against Serbia The alliance system pulled the other nations into the “bright, brisk little war”. The alliance system pulled the other nations into the “bright, brisk little war”.

The War Begins Austria HungarySerbs Russia GermanyFrance Great Britain

The Fighting Starts Germany invaded Belgium on August 4, 1914 Germany invaded Belgium on August 4, 1914 The British and French were unable to save Belgium and retreated to the Marne River in France The British and French were unable to save Belgium and retreated to the Marne River in France France stopped the German troops in September 1914 France stopped the German troops in September 1914

No Man’s Land By Spring 1915 two lines of trenches went across northern and eastern France. By Spring 1915 two lines of trenches went across northern and eastern France. German soldiers occupied one line, Allied German soldiers occupied one line, Allied soldiers on the other. The land betweenwas called “no man’s land”

American Neutrality In 1914, most American’s did not want to get involved in the war American immigrants sympathized with their countries The war was opposed by socialists and pacifists

Sympathy for the Allies Common ancestry with Europe Common ancestry with Europe Economic ties with the Allies Economic ties with the Allies The Allies needed war supplies from America The Allies needed war supplies from America

The British Blockade Great Britain used their naval power to create a blockade along the German coast

The blockade stopped weapons, other military goods and food from getting through The blockade stopped weapons, other military goods and food from getting through Germany suffered without their supplies and eventually famine came over the country Germany suffered without their supplies and eventually famine came over the country Over 750,000 Germans starved to death as a result of the blockade Over 750,000 Germans starved to death as a result of the blockade

German U-Boat Response U-boat (unterseeboot) - submarine U-boat (unterseeboot) - submarine German reply - any ships found in the waters around Britain would be sunk by a U-boat German reply - any ships found in the waters around Britain would be sunk by a U-boat

The German blockade was less successful than the British blockade The German blockade was less successful than the British blockade Americans were outraged when they saw their ships sinking Americans were outraged when they saw their ships sinking Opinion towards Germany and the Central Powers turned negative Opinion towards Germany and the Central Powers turned negative

The Sinking of the Lusitania May 7, 1915 May 7, 1915 A U-boat sank a British ocean liner A U-boat sank a British ocean liner off the coast of Ireland 1,198 people were 1,198 people werekilled 128 were American 128 were American

German defense – there was ammunition on the boat German defense – there was ammunition on the boat Americans were outraged – called it murder Americans were outraged – called it murder

The United States Remains Neutral Wilson ruled out military response Wilson ruled out military response Germany attacked 2 more ocean liners Germany attacked 2 more ocean liners Germany would continue attacking ocean liners unless the British withdrew their blockade Germany would continue attacking ocean liners unless the British withdrew their blockade

Neutrality Collapses Wilson is re-elected in 1916 Attempts to end the war 1. Peace without victory 2.League for Peace

Germany replied that they will sink all ships in British waters Germany replied that they will sink all ships in British waters

The Zimmermann Note From German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico From German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico Intercepted by the British Intercepted by the British Suggested an alliance between Germany and Mexico if the US gets into the war Suggested an alliance between Germany and Mexico if the US gets into the war

Other Overt Acts Four unarmed American ships were sunk killing 36 people Four unarmed American ships were sunk killing 36 people Russia changed governments making it a war of democracies against brutal monarchies Russia changed governments making it a war of democracies against brutal monarchies

April 2, 1917 Wilson delivers war resolution “We are glad... to fight... for the ultimate peace of the world...”

The War Resolution Passed in the Senate on April 4, 1917 Passed in the House of Representatives on April 6, 1917