Renaissance and Reformation World History McRae Warm Up: Define Renaissance and Humanist (Ch. 17 in book) Renaissance – Rebirth of classical ideas. The Renaissance was a time of creativity and change in many areas – political, social, economic and cultural. Emphasis placed on the achievements of individual human beings.

The Renaissance Began in Italy Renewed interest in Roman literature and life. 1300-1650 Ruins of Roman empire dotted the Italian countryside. Crusades and trade with the Middle East Brought Italians into contact with Byzantine civilization. Increased trade brought wealth and wealth brought the leisure time to pursue other interests. Byzantine scholars had preserved much learning from classical Greece and Rome. The Pope made Rome the capitol of the Catholic Church in the West.

Humanism Define “humanism” Humanism – intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly subjects rather than on religious issues. Humanists were usually Christians who believed that the individual in the here and now had an important role to play. Education was important. Emphasis on individual achievement. Emphasis on classical Greek and Roman texts.

Renaissance Man vs. Woman Renaissance man = someone who could do it all. Sing, dance, write poetry, sports, artist, thinker, composer. Well rounded man. (Leonardo Da Vince only authentic one) Renaissance Woman= Strive to be educated. Were to inspire art, not create it themselves.

Qualities of Art Work of Renaissance Lifelike- looked realistic; artists studied the human body Perspective- Had depth; used 3D Emotion- revealed the artist’s feelings Secular- religious overtone to the piece. Non-Secular- sometimes not religious

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art – Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci (1452) – artist (Mona Lisa, The Last Supper), inventor ( helicopter, weapons, music box, many more), architect, botanist, musician, anatomy, optics, engineering.

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art – Leonardo La Giaconda: The Mona Lisa – Louvre Museum, Paris

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art – Leonardo Helicopter

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art – Leonardo Trebuchet

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Michelangelo Michelangelo – Italian painter and sculptor. Total realism in art. Pieta and David. Murals on the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Michelangelo The Pieta

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Michelangelo The David – Florence, Italy

Italian Geniuses of Renaissance Art - Michelangelo

Italian Genius of Renaissance Writing - Machiavelli Machiavelli published a book in 1513, The Prince. Theorized about how a perfect ruler would govern. Stressed that the end justifies the means. Urged rulers to use whatever means necessary to achieve their goals.

The Northern Renaissance Renaissance moved to England,France, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Erasmus – Dutch priest and Humanist. Writes Praise of Folly (Most famous book of Time period). He was disturbed by the corruption in the Catholic Church and called for reform. Thomas More- Writes UTOPIA= Perfect society. No Crime. Killed by Henry VIII for not helping him get a divorce.

Genius Writers of the Northern Renaissance William Shakespeare – England. Playwright between 1590-1613. Wrote about the actual human condition of his time. Cervantes – Spain. Novelist. Wrote Don Quixote.

The Printing Revolution Printing Press – allowed new ideas to spread more easily. Spread from China to Middle East to Europe. Gutenberg: invented a new type of printing press. Used movable type.1st Book printed= Bible Books suddenly within reach of ordinary person.

Protestant Reformation Selling indulgences - The Church taught that most Christians after death went to purgatory to suffer a time of punishment for their sins before going to heaven. Indulgences were intended to remit a part of that time. They were granted previous to death by the Church for various good works that came to include monetary offerings. This last became very controversial because it appeared that the Church was selling the right to avoid all or part of an individual’s time in purgatory.

Protestant Reformation Martin Luther – Catholic priest in Germany who Protested the corruption in the church and proposed reform. Published 95 Theses. Was excommunicated by Leo X Began his own church – Lutheran Church Took refuge with Frederick the Wise Translated Bible into German.

Protestant Reformation Anglican Church (textbook, page 351) – Protestant Church in England. Begun by Henry VIII in 1534.

Protestant Reformation Anglican Church (textbook, page 351) – Protestant Church in England. Begun by Henry VIII so he could divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.

Protestant Reformation Anglican Church (textbook, page 351) – Protestant Church in England. Begun by Henry VIII so he could divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry married Anne Boleyn, whom he had beheaded only a few years later.

The Church of England Between 1536 and 1540, Henry had monasteries and convents closed. When Henry died in 1547, his 10 year old son Edward became king. He “ruled” only 5 years. Henry’s Catholic daughter Mary I came to the throne. Tried to return England to Catholicism. Burned dissenters at the stake. “Bloody Mary”

The Church of England Between 1536 and 1540, Henry had monasteries and convents closed. When Henry died in 1547, his 10 year old son Edward became king. He “ruled” only 5 years. Henry’s Catholic daughter Mary came to the throne. Tried to return England to Catholicism. Burned dissenters at the stake. “Bloody Mary” When Mary died in 1558, Henry’s Protestant daughter Elizabeth took the throne. She returned England to Protestantism.

Scientific Revolution Copernicus – heliocentric theory. (page 357)

Scientific Revolution Copernicus – heliocentric theory. (page 357) Kepler – mathematically proved Copernicus’ theory of planetary motion. Galileo – suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching the theory.

Scientific Revolution Copernicus – heliocentric theory. (page 357) Kepler – mathematically proved Copernicus’ theory of planetary motion. Galileo – suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching the theory. Leeuwenhoek – Microscope/ discovered bacteria Hooke – cell theory Boyle – Father of Modern Chemistry. Priestly – discovered oxygen as an element

Scientific Revolution Copernicus – heliocentric theory. (page 357) Kepler – mathematically proved Copernicus’ theory of planetary motion. Galileo – suffered at hands of Catholic Church for preaching the theory. Leeuwenhoek – Microscope/ discovered bacteria Hooke – cell theory Boyle – Father of Modern Chemistry. Priestly – discovered oxygen as an element Newton – laws of physics and gravity.