 Smallest geographical region  Humid continental climate  Vegetation: fertile soils, heavily treed, maple, beech, hickory, black walnut trees, oak, ash, birch, and pine  Environmental concerns: acid rain, pollution of the Great Lakes  Topography: rolling landscapes

 More than 2 billion years old  Humid continental climate  Vegetation: spruce, pine, fir, polar and white birch, and sandy soil  Environmental concern: extraction and use of resources and timber  Topography: glaciers removed soil  Barren rock surface in many places

 Vast sweep of plain  Not entirely flat  Rolling hills and deep river valleys  Continental climate  Northern portion has arctic climate  Long, cold winters and short, cool summers  Vegetation: trees grew in river valleys  Environmental concern: tornadoes  Topography: devided into central lowlands and great plains

 Locates between Rocky and Coast mountains  High plateaus  Isolated mountains  Climate: affected by its location and elevation  Environmental concern: birds habitats being destroyed, 11 bird species are endangered  Topography: streams and rivers never reach the sea

 Northern Canada  Combination of lowlands and mountains  Climate: very severe, winter lasts for 10 months and very cold and dry  Vegetation: very few plants can grow  Trees can’t grow on the tundra  Topography: flat Arctic near the ocean

 Mountainous area  Extends for 2400 km  Climate: varies throughout the year and affected by 2 ocean currents  Vegetation: heavily forested with coniferous and deciduous trees  Soil was productive  Topography: mountains were formed years ago  Not wholly mountainous  Contains fertile plateaus and river valleys

 Lowland area  Climate: subject to hurricanes between late summer and early winter  Vegetation: soils are very sandy  Pine forests  Lush jungles  Environmental concern: hurricanes  Topography: mostly flat or gently rolling surfaces  Many swamps and marshes

 Rocky Mountains  Separated by plateaus and valleys  Climate: maritime climate  Vegetation: grasses and cactuses grow in dray valleys  Great evergreens no longer grow  Giant sequoia, the largest tree, grows  Topography: comprised of new mountains not yet worn down by erosion

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