Respiratory Review 8 August :26 PM

Abacavir Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

Acebutolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Class II antiarrhythmic Antihypertensive Antianginal Bronchoconstrictor

Albuterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Short acting bronchodilator Used in asthma

Amikacin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Aminoglycosides Antibiotics Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitors 30S ribosome Freeze initiation

Aminophylline Bronchodilator Methylxanthine Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Used in asthma

Amoxicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer Amino penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Amphotericin B Antifungal Polyene antibiotic Binds to ergosterol and alters permeability Systemic

Ampicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Amino penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Atenolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Antiarrhythmic Antianginal Bronchoconstrictor

Azithromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

Aztreonam New  lactam antibiotic Monobactam

Bacitracin Antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Topical, not a  lactam, Inhibits dephosphorylation of bactoprenol

Beclomethasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Benzathine penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking Repository preparation

Betamethasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation

Betaxolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Glaucoma medication Bronchoconstrictor

Bethanecol Cholinomimetic Muscarinic agonist Induces defecation and urination Bronchoconstrictor

Biltolterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator

Bispropolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Budesonide Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Captopril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor Heart failure treatment Angioedema producer

Carbenicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Carteolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Caspofungin Echinocandin antifungal Blocks synthesis of fungal  (1,3)-d-glucan in the cell wall

Cefaclor Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation Oral

Cefadroxil Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral

Cefepime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 4 th generation CSF penetration

Cefotaxime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation CSF penetration

Cefoxitin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation

Ceftazidime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation

Ceftriaxone Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation CSF penetration

Cefuroxime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation CSF penetration

Cephalexin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral

Cephalosporins Antibiotics  lactam Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan

Cephalothin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral

Cetirizine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating

Chloramphenicol Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits peptide bond formation

Chlorpheniramine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist

Ciprofloxacin Fluoroquinolone antibiotic DNA replication inhibitor Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

Clarithromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

Clavulanic acid  -lactamase inhibitor Combined with antibacterials

Clindamycin Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Anaerobic infections

Clotrimazole Imidazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol Lanosterol 14  demethylase inhibitor

Cloxacillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Penicillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Cortisol (Hydrocortisone) Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid

Cromolyn sodium Mast cell stabilizer Inhibits release of mast cell mediators Used prophylactically in asthma

Cycloserine Antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Secondary TB drug Inhibits formation of Park nucleotide

Dapsone Sulfone antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Leprosy

Delavirdine Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

Dexamethasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Antineoplastic Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation

Didanosine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Dideoxyinosine (ddI)

Diphenhydramine Classical antihistamine Antiemetic H 1 antagonist

Doxycycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Ecothiophate Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor Glaucoma treatment

Edrophonium Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Diagnostic for myaesthenia gravis Bronchoconstrictor

Efavirenz Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

Enalapril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor Angioedema producer

Enfuvirtide (T-20) Antiretroviral Fusion inhibitor

Ephedrine Indirect sympathomimetic Vasoconstrictor Bronchodilator Decongestant

Epinephrine Sympathomimetic  and  adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Bronchodilator

Erythromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

Esmolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Class II Antiarrhythmic Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Ethambutol Antibiotic Major drug for tuberculosis

Ethionamide Antibiotic Secondary drug for tuberculosis

Fexofenadine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating

Fluconazole Triazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Flucytosine Antifungal Converted by fungi to 5-fluorouracil  faulty RNA and DNA synthesis

Flunisolide Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Fluorinated Quinolones ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin Antibiotics DNA replication inhibitors Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

Fluticasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Formoterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Long acting bronchodilator

Gentamicin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Griseofulvin Antifungal Binds to microtubules

Hydrocortisone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid

Hydroxyzine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist

Imipenem/Cilastatin New  lactam antibiotic Cilastatin inhibits a kidney dipeptidase that inactivates imipenem

Indinavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI)

Ipratropium Anticholinergic Antimuscarinic Inhaled bronchodilator

Isoetharine Sympathomimetic  adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator

Isoniazid Antibiotic Inhibits biosynthesis of mycolic acids Major drug for tuberculosis

Isoproterenol Sympathomimetic  adrenergic agonist Vasodilator Bronchodilator

Itraconazole Triazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Ketoconazole Imidazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Lamivudine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

Levobunolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Linezolid Oxazolidinone antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosomal subunit

Lisinopril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor Heart failure treatment Angioedema producer

Loratidine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating

Macrolides erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin Antibiotics Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitors 50S ribosome

Malathion Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor

Metaproterenol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator Used in asthma

Methicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Methylprednisolone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation

Metipranolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Bronchoconstrictor

Metoprolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Heart failure medication Bronchoconstrictor

Metronidazole Antibiotic Antiparasitic Antiulcer Anaerobes Reduction leads to intermediates that damage DNA

Miconazole Imidazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Minocycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Montelukast Leukotriene inhibitor LTR1 and LTD4 antagonist Asthma treatment

Nafcillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Penicillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Nedocromil Mast cell stabilizer Inhibits release of mast cell mediators Used prophylactically in asthma

Neomycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation Topical

Neostigmine Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Treatment for myaesthenia gravis Promotes defecation and urination Bronchoconstrictor

Netilmicin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Nevirapine Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

Norfloxacin Fluoroquinolone antibiotic DNA replication inhibitor Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

Nystatin Antifungal Polyene antibiotic Binds to ergosterol & alters permeability Topical

Oxacillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Oxytetracycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Para-aminosalicylic acid Antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Secondary TB drug

Penbutolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Penicillins  lactam antibiotics Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan

Penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Acid labile Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Penicillin V Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor More acid resistant than Penicillin G Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Phenylephrine Sympathomimetic  1 adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Nasal decongestant

Phenylpropanolamine Indirect sympathomimetic Nasal decongestant Removed from market* (may be in medicine cabinets!)

Physostigmine Anticholinesterase Bradycardic Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor

Pilocarpine Cholinomimetic Muscarinic agonist Antiglaucoma Bronchoconstrictor

Pindolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Piperacillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Pirbuterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator

Polymyxin B Antibiotic Disrupts gram negative cell membrane Binds phosphatidylethanolamine Bactericidal

Prednisone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Antineoplastic Anti-inflammatory Not by inhalation

Probenecid Uricosuric Adjunct in penicillin therapy

Procaine Penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Repository preparation Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Promethazine Classical antihistamine Antipsychotic Antiemetic H 1 antagonist

Propranolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Class II antiarrhythmic Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Pseudoephedrine Sympathomimetic  and  adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Nasal decongestant

Pyrazinamide Antibiotic Major drug for tuberculosis

Pyridostigmine Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Treatment for myaesthenia gravis Bronchoconstrictor

Quinopristin/Dalfopristin Streptogramin antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosomal subunit

Rifampin Antibiotic Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase Major drug for TB

Ritonavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI)

Salmeterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Long acting bronchodilator

Saquinavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI)

Silver sulfadiazine Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Topical

Spectinomycin Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome

Streptomycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Succinylcholine Paralytic Depolarizing blocker Paralyzes skeletal muscles Bronchoconstrictor

Sulfacetamide Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Topical

Sulfadoxine Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor

Sulfamethoxazole Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Sulfisoxazole Sulfonamide antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Sulfonamides Antibiotics Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitors Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase

Terbinafine Allylamine antifungal Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

Terbutaline Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Short acting bronchodilator Tocolytic Uterine relaxant

Tetracycline Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Theophylline Bronchodilator Methylxanthine Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Used in asthma

Ticarcillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Timolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Glaucoma treatment Anti-anginal Bronchoconstrictor

Tobramycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Triamcinolone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Trimethoprim Antibiotic Protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Folic acid antagonist Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

Tripelennamine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist

Vancomycin Antibiotic Inhibits cell wall synthesis Not a  lactam

Voriconazole Triazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Zafirlukast Leukotriene inhibitor LTR 1 and LTD 4 antagonist Asthma treatment

Zalcitabine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Dideoxycytidine (ddC)

Zidovudine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Azidothymidine (AZT)

Zileuton Leukotriene inhibitor 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor Used in asthma