 Problems include:  Anxiety  student body language  Avoidable mistakes when you making a presentation.

 Maintains eye contact with the audience  Uses tonal variation  Incorporates body movements  Uses facial expression to convey messages to the audience

 Pathological anxiety needs medical attention as it can result in mental conditions.  The more intense form, panic attacks, can be prevented by proper preparation, familiarizing of oneself to the environment  Being with people who can encourage the speaker (Bodie, 2010)

 Therapeutic help from counselors  Seeking advice from people well versed in the area of presentation.  Engaging in social activities  Prior preparation

 Components of body language  Eye contact  Facial expressions  Tone of Voice  Posture  Movements  Gestures

 Eye contact is very important to keep audiences' attention  Facial expressions should be natural and friendly.  Tone of voice can carry a treasure of information, ranging from enthusiasm to disinterest to anger.  Posture: stand straight and relaxes, but don’t put your hands in your pockets.

 Stand straight and relaxes  Don’t put your hands in your pockets

 Don’t read the contact word by word  Don’t put too many words on each slide in your PowerPoint.  Don’t open your presentation with a joke

 public speakers make use of body languages, their voice and pieces of paper just in case they need help.

 The lack of confidence mainly because one is weak on the subject matter  Conducting research in the subject matter and rehearsing boosts the confidence of a public speaker  Confidence reduces stage fright and nervousness.

 Public speakers always remember not to offend the audience in their statements  They should avoid rude remarks or the distasteful jokes one makes, Arnold (2003).  Jokes make the speaker look artificial and will end up boring the audience.

 Arnold, J. March (2003): “Speak Easy. Students ease in Oral Production.” HLT Magazine.  Bodie, G. D. (2010). A racing heart, rattling knees, and ruminative thoughts: Defining, explaining, and treating public speaking anxiety. Communication education, 59(1),  Kate O'Connell (2013): “Afraid of public speaking? Your problem may be solved.”  Mathew Linus (2003): “Public Speaking.”  Verderber, R., Verderber, K., & Sellnow, D. (2011). The challenge of effective speaking. Cengage Learning.

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