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2 Is OT & NT Worship EssentiallyIdentical in its underlying theology? ©2014 Barry Liesch Biola University La Mirada, California Is OT & NT Worship EssentiallyIdentical in its underlying theology? ©2014 Barry Liesch Biola University La Mirada, California

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8 What sort of ideal “worship world” is projected by the OT? What sort of ideal “worship world” is projected by the OT?

9 The Requirement Shema (The Supreme Command) Deut 6:4 Hear, O Israel: The Lord your God [alone] is one. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. How does the verse develop/progress? Monotheistic? Emphasis on Love? From the inside out? From the inside out? Heart = inner being  Soul = whole person  Heart = inner being  Soul = whole person  Might = resources Might = resources Three widening, concentric circles (Daniel Block) Three widening, concentric circles (Daniel Block) The Requirement Shema (The Supreme Command) Deut 6:4 Hear, O Israel: The Lord your God [alone] is one. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. How does the verse develop/progress? Monotheistic? Emphasis on Love? From the inside out? From the inside out? Heart = inner being  Soul = whole person  Heart = inner being  Soul = whole person  Might = resources Might = resources Three widening, concentric circles (Daniel Block) Three widening, concentric circles (Daniel Block)

10 The Requirement Lawyer asked what is the greatest commandment? Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the prophets. Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27 How do verses develop? Similarities with Shema? The Requirement Lawyer asked what is the greatest commandment? Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the prophets. Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27 How do verses develop? Similarities with Shema?

11 The Requirement Lawyer asked what is the greatest commandment? Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the prophets. Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27 The Requirement Lawyer asked what is the greatest commandment? Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments depend all the law and the prophets. Matt 22:37-40; Luke 10:27

12 The Primacy of Love in OT/NT Relationship precedes Responsibility You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. Duet 6:4 Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. Matt 22:37 If you love me, you will keep my commandments…they who have my commandments and keep them are those who love me. John 14:15, 21 The Primacy of Love in OT/NT Relationship precedes Responsibility You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. Duet 6:4 Jesus replied, You shall love the Lord with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. Matt 22:37 If you love me, you will keep my commandments…they who have my commandments and keep them are those who love me. John 14:15, 21

13 The Comprehensive Requirement And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13 The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first? The Comprehensive Requirement And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13 The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first?

14 The Comprehensive Requirement And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13 The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first? Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; love is middle term ) Walk, Serve, Keep (actions, active expressions) The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge Prov 1 The Comprehensive Requirement And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13 The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first? Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; love is middle term ) Walk, Serve, Keep (actions, active expressions) The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge Prov 1

15 The Comprehensive Requirement And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13 The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first? Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; love is middle term ) Walk, Serve, Keep (actions, active expressions) Notice: attitudes and actions are united (D. Block) The Comprehensive Requirement And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13 The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first? Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; love is middle term ) Walk, Serve, Keep (actions, active expressions) Notice: attitudes and actions are united (D. Block)

16 The Comprehensive Requirement And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13 The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first? Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; love is middle term ) Walk, Serve, Keep (actions, active expressions) Notice: five verbs for five fingers (eg thumb=fear) The Comprehensive Requirement And now Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord our God with all your heart and with all your soul, and to keep the commandments and statutes of the Lord which I am commanding you today, for your good. Deut 10:12, 13 The verbs occur repeatedly. How many? Which is first? Fear, Love (attitudes of heart; love is middle term ) Walk, Serve, Keep (actions, active expressions) Notice: five verbs for five fingers (eg thumb=fear)

17 Serendipity Fear = thumb Walk = index finger Love = middle finger Serve = ring finger Keep = little finger Serendipity Fear = thumb Walk = index finger Love = middle finger Serve = ring finger Keep = little finger

18 The Requirement Repeated You shall fear the Lord your God. You shall serve him and hold fast to him, and by his name you shall swear. Deut 10:20 You shall therefore demonstrate love for the Lord and keep his charge, his statutes, and his commandments always. Deut 11:1 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart and be no longer stubborn. Deut 10: 16, 17 The Requirement Repeated You shall fear the Lord your God. You shall serve him and hold fast to him, and by his name you shall swear. Deut 10:20 You shall therefore demonstrate love for the Lord and keep his charge, his statutes, and his commandments always. Deut 11:1 Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart and be no longer stubborn. Deut 10: 16, 17

19 The Requirement Holiness …as he who has called you is holy, be holy in all your conduct because it is written, “You shall be holy, for I am holy” for I am holy” I Peter 1:16,17 (Lev 19:2) (imitatio dei) The Requirement Holiness …as he who has called you is holy, be holy in all your conduct because it is written, “You shall be holy, for I am holy” for I am holy” I Peter 1:16,17 (Lev 19:2) (imitatio dei)

20 Basis of Requirement Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is within it. Deut 10:14 He is your praise. He is your God who has done for you these great and terrible things that your eyes have seen. Deut 10:21 Basis of Requirement Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is within it. Deut 10:14 He is your praise. He is your God who has done for you these great and terrible things that your eyes have seen. Deut 10:21

21 Basis of Requirement Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is within it. Deut 10:14 He is your praise. He is your God who has done for you these great and terrible things that your eyes have seen. Deut 10:21 Basis of Requirement Behold, to the Lord your God belong heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth and all that is within it. Deut 10:14 He is your praise. He is your God who has done for you these great and terrible things that your eyes have seen. Deut 10:21

22 What about the Details? So far we have been looking at the broad strokes Do the OT and NT agree on many details? Is the OT foundational on the detail level too? What about the Details? So far we have been looking at the broad strokes Do the OT and NT agree on many details? Is the OT foundational on the detail level too?

23 OT Requirements in Leviticus 19 Reiterated in NT OT Requirements in Leviticus 19 Reiterated in NT Respect for Parents No seeking of revenge Respect for AgedNo bearing of a grudge No Lying, Deceit, False OathsNo degradation by prostitution No Theft, RobberyIntegrity in business (just weights) No Withholding of WagesJudicial Impartiality No Cursing of Deaf, Tripping the BlindNo consuming of meat with blood No Mistreatment of OutsidersNo Divination, Sorcery No SlanderNo Idols No rejection of Brothers/NeighborsLove the Alien

24 Not Impressed by Idol Worship, Infidelity Hosea: Sarcasm! [My people] offer sacrifices on the mountain tops, And burn incense on the hills, Under oaks, populars, and terebinths, Because their shade is good Hos 4:13 Hosea: Scorn! Your loyalty is like the morning fog And like the dew it quickly disappears. Hos 6:4 Israel charged with dishonesty, murder, theft, adultery Not Impressed by Idol Worship, Infidelity Hosea: Sarcasm! [My people] offer sacrifices on the mountain tops, And burn incense on the hills, Under oaks, populars, and terebinths, Because their shade is good Hos 4:13 Hosea: Scorn! Your loyalty is like the morning fog And like the dew it quickly disappears. Hos 6:4 Israel charged with dishonesty, murder, theft, adultery

25 Correction Needed? Unhealthy Attitude God looks only at our hearts, not our external actions. Correction The scriptures refuse to divorce persons from their actions or their hearts from their deeds. Verbal confessions [liturgy] do not prove genuine piety, nor are they the main evidence…rather, actions…are proof of a transformed heart. Daniel Block Danger …that people will sing our songs, be moved emotionally, but it may not translate into transformed behavior. Fear  Walk  Love  Serve  Keep Singing, Ritual should result in Deeds Correction Needed? Unhealthy Attitude God looks only at our hearts, not our external actions. Correction The scriptures refuse to divorce persons from their actions or their hearts from their deeds. Verbal confessions [liturgy] do not prove genuine piety, nor are they the main evidence…rather, actions…are proof of a transformed heart. Daniel Block Danger …that people will sing our songs, be moved emotionally, but it may not translate into transformed behavior. Fear  Walk  Love  Serve  Keep Singing, Ritual should result in Deeds

26 Not Impressed by Mere Externals What does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to walk humbly before your God. Micah 6:6-8 What might Evangelicals expect of OT instead? To steadfastly perform the OT rituals? To scrupulously present offerings, sacrifices? In OT theology, true piety is not demonstrated primarily by impressive ritual, but by doing justice, by walking humbly before God. Not Impressed by Mere Externals What does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to walk humbly before your God. Micah 6:6-8 What might Evangelicals expect of OT instead? To steadfastly perform the OT rituals? To scrupulously present offerings, sacrifices? In OT theology, true piety is not demonstrated primarily by impressive ritual, but by doing justice, by walking humbly before God.

27 Not Impressed by Mere Externals Security does not rest on performance of rituals Security does not rest on performance of rituals Thus says the Lord Amos 5:21-24 Thus says the Lord Amos 5:21-24 I hate, I despise your feasts And I take no delight in your solemn assemblies. Even though you offer me your burnt offerings and grain offerings, I will not accept them; And the peace offerings of your fattened animals I will not look upon them. Take away from me the noise of your songs; to the melody of your harps I will not listen. But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever flowing stream. Not Impressed by Mere Externals Security does not rest on performance of rituals Security does not rest on performance of rituals Thus says the Lord Amos 5:21-24 Thus says the Lord Amos 5:21-24 I hate, I despise your feasts And I take no delight in your solemn assemblies. Even though you offer me your burnt offerings and grain offerings, I will not accept them; And the peace offerings of your fattened animals I will not look upon them. Take away from me the noise of your songs; to the melody of your harps I will not listen. But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever flowing stream.

28 Not Impressed by Mere Externals Samuel Has YHWH as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as obeying the voice of YHWH? Look, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to listen [is preferable to] the fat of rams. I Sam 15:22 Affirmed by Scribe & Jesus in NT [Scribe]…to love him with all the heart…to love one’s neighbor as oneself – this is much more important than all the whole burnt offerings and sacrifices. Jesus saw that he answered wisely… You are not far from the kingdom of God. Mark 12:33, 34 Not Impressed by Mere Externals Samuel Has YHWH as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as obeying the voice of YHWH? Look, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to listen [is preferable to] the fat of rams. I Sam 15:22 Affirmed by Scribe & Jesus in NT [Scribe]…to love him with all the heart…to love one’s neighbor as oneself – this is much more important than all the whole burnt offerings and sacrifices. Jesus saw that he answered wisely… You are not far from the kingdom of God. Mark 12:33, 34

29 Jesus Not Impressed by Mere Externals Woe to you scribes and Pharisees Matt 23 …they do all their deeds to be seen…they love the place of honor… to be greeted with respect… …you clean the outside of the cup and plate, but inside they are full of greed and self- indulgence…on the outside [you] look righteous but inside you are full of hypocrisy… …you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy and faith. You blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel! Jesus Not Impressed by Mere Externals Woe to you scribes and Pharisees Matt 23 …they do all their deeds to be seen…they love the place of honor… to be greeted with respect… …you clean the outside of the cup and plate, but inside they are full of greed and self- indulgence…on the outside [you] look righteous but inside you are full of hypocrisy… …you tithe mint, dill, and cumin, and have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy and faith. You blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel!

30 Isaiah and Jesus Not Impressed by Externals Hypocritical Worship Hypocritical Worship Isaiah Is 29:13 The Lord said, because these people draw near with their mouth and honor me with their lips while their hearts are far from me, and their fear of me is a commandment taught by men… therefore…the wisdom of their wise shall perish… Jesus Matt 15:8, 9 This people honors me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me; in vain do they worship me, teaching human precepts as doctrines. Isaiah and Jesus Not Impressed by Externals Hypocritical Worship Hypocritical Worship Isaiah Is 29:13 The Lord said, because these people draw near with their mouth and honor me with their lips while their hearts are far from me, and their fear of me is a commandment taught by men… therefore…the wisdom of their wise shall perish… Jesus Matt 15:8, 9 This people honors me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me; in vain do they worship me, teaching human precepts as doctrines.

31 What sort of ideal “worship world” is projected by the OT? What sort of ideal “worship world” is projected by the OT?

32 What picture do you get of OT worship? What is primary? What is secondary? Does this change your picture of OT worship? Is the underlying theology identical? What picture do you get of OT worship? What is primary? What is secondary? Does this change your picture of OT worship? Is the underlying theology identical?

33 Our challenge as worship leaders: to align ourselves with the Doctrines, Priorities, Practices of OT and NT worship to embody righteousness Our challenge as worship leaders: to align ourselves with the Doctrines, Priorities, Practices of OT and NT worship to embody righteousness

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