Unit 1 Test Review Colonization Era

New England Colonies Connecticut New Hampshire Massachusetts Why? Freedom of Religion Who? Puritans New Hampshire Massachusetts Who? Pilgrims Rhode Island Who? Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison

New England Climate Long, cold winters Rocky soil, not good for farming. Positioned on the North Atlantic Coast Many forests and rivers

New England Economy $$$ Fishing Whaling Timber Shipping Trade Subsistence farming Only grew enough to feed themselves and their families. They did NOT sell their goods.

Middle Colonies New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Why? To make $$ (economic) New Jersey Pennsylvania Why? Freedom of Religion Who? William Penn & the Quakers Delaware Why? Political Freedom

Middle Colony Climate Very flat, fertile land Mild Winters

Middle Colony Economy $$$ AKA “Breadbasket Colonies” Farmed food products to feed the colonies Produced Wheat Grain Iron Dairy

Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland North and South Carolina Georgia Why? To make $$ (economic) Who? John Smith Maryland Why? Freedom of Religion Who? Lord Baltimore and the Catholics North and South Carolina Georgia Why? Refuge for debtors and convicts Who? James Oglethorp

Southern Colony Climate Fertile Soil Very long growing seasons Very warm and sunny

Southern Colony Economy $$$ Plantation Agriculture Cotton Rice Tobacco Indigo Sugar cane

Mayflower Compact Who? Men When? 1620 Where? Plymouth What did it do? Set forth ideas of self government in the colonies Basis for US Constitution in 1787

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Where? Connecticut What did it do? Extended voting rights to non-church members Limited the power of the governor Expanded the idea of representative government

House of Burgesses 1st elected law making body in the colonies Provided more local control in Virginia Expanded the idea of representative government.

English Colonization Why?? Gold Economic $$ High unemployment Market for English goods Source of raw materials God Social Freedom from religious persecution Opportunity for unhappy or unemployed English Glory Political Competition with Spain and Portugal for new passage to India Promise of gold to increase England’s wealth Acquisition of territory to add to empire

Britain's policy to control Colonial trade Mercantilism Britain's policy to control Colonial trade Mother Country (Britain) Raw Materials Colonies Manufactured Goods

Transatlantic Trade Routes Effects: New England made HUGE profits and slavery increased.

Jamestown Where? Virginia When? 1607 Why? Hardships? Economic Reasons ($$) Hardships? Swampy Bad water and farmland Harsh climate Wasted time looking for gold Disease How did it succeed? John Smith, “He that will not work, shall not eat.” He also traded with Powhatan Indians for corn

Salutary Neglect Britain helped the colonies work towards this type of government by staying out of their business for many years. This became known as salutary neglect. This ‘neglect’ helped the colonies learn how to deal with their own problems & issues instead of waiting for Britain to fix things for them

Great Awakening Religious movement in the colonies during the 1700’s. Colonial culture changed because colonists began to argue over religious practices & People began to leave their church for the Protestant one. They also welcomed all people, regardless of race or gender.

Enlightenment A movement that emphasized reason and science as the paths to knowledge. John Locke, a philosopher and Enlightenment figure applied the idea of natural law – people have unalienable rights which the government should protect.